GABA

Table of Contents

Other names

Gamma-aminobutyric acid
γ-Aminobutyric acid

Synopsis

GABA is the brain’s primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, responsible for calming neural activity and helping maintain emotional, cognitive, and muscular balance. It functions as a natural "brake pedal" in the central nervous system, preventing overexcitation of neurons and promoting relaxation, stress reduction, and sleep. GABA counterbalances excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate to maintain nervous system stability.

GABA is produced from glutamate through the action of the enzyme glutamate decarboxylase and is influenced by vitamin B6. It exerts its effects by binding to GABA receptors (GABA-A and GABA-B) in the brain, facilitating the influx of chloride ions, which hyperpolarize the neuron and inhibit its firing.

Low GABA levels or poor GABA receptor sensitivity are associated with anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, panic attacks, and mood disorders. Factors such as chronic stress, poor sleep, nutrient deficiencies, and overexposure to stimulants can deplete GABA levels or impair its function. Some medications, like benzodiazepines, mimic or enhance GABA activity to produce calming effects.

Natural Remedies

Meditation and deep breathing: Naturally increase GABA activity in the brain.

Regular exercise: Especially yoga and aerobic activity, shown to elevate GABA levels.

Healthy sleep patterns: GABA is crucial for initiating and maintaining restful sleep.

Limit stimulants: Excess caffeine or stress can reduce GABA effectiveness.

L-theanine (from green tea): Boosts GABA and promotes calm without sedation.

Fermented foods and probiotics: Support GABA production via the gut-brain axis.

Magnesium and vitamin B6: Key cofactors for GABA synthesis and receptor sensitivity.