Nails

Table of Contents

Other names

fingernails
toenails
nail plate
nail body

Synopsis

Nails are protective, keratin-based structures that grow from the dorsal surface of the fingers and toes. Composed primarily of hardened keratin—a type of protein also found in skin and hair—the nail plate rests atop the nail bed and grows continuously from the nail matrix at the base. Fingernails grow at an average rate of 2–3 mm per month, while toenails grow more slowly. Healthy nails are generally smooth, evenly colored, and slightly convex in shape.

Nails serve several biological functions. They protect the sensitive tips of the fingers and toes, enhance fine motor tasks by providing counter-pressure for precision grip, and can act as visual indicators of overall health. Changes in nail color, thickness, or texture may reflect nutritional deficiencies, systemic illness, or exposure to toxins.

Common nail issues include fungal infections (onychomycosis), brittleness, ridging, discoloration, and ingrown nails. Nails are especially vulnerable to environmental stress, such as frequent water exposure, chemicals, trauma, or nutritional imbalances.

Natural Remedies

Nutrient intake: Ensure adequate levels of biotin, iron, zinc, protein, and omega-3 fatty acids.

Hydration: Keep nails and cuticles moisturized with oils or hand creams, especially in dry climates.

Protective care: Wear gloves during cleaning or prolonged water exposure to prevent brittleness.

Avoid harsh chemicals: Limit use of acetone-based nail polish removers or harsh nail products.

Gentle grooming: Trim nails regularly and file them in one direction to avoid splitting.