Parotids (Salivary Glands)

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Other names for Parotids (Salivary Glands)

parotid glands
parotid salivary glands
largest salivary glands

Synopsis of Parotids (Salivary Glands)

The parotid glands are the largest of the salivary glands, located just in front of and slightly below each ear, extending from the cheek to the lower border of the jaw. They are paired exocrine glands responsible for producing and secreting serous (watery) saliva rich in enzymes, particularly amylase, which initiates carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.

Each parotid gland empties saliva into the oral cavity via the Stensen’s duct, which opens near the second upper molar. Saliva from the parotids not only aids digestion but also keeps the mouth lubricated, protects against microbial invasion, helps remineralize teeth, and facilitates taste and speech.

The parotids are innervated by parasympathetic fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX) and are influenced by hydration, chewing, and the autonomic nervous system. They are made up mostly of serous acini, which secrete watery, enzyme-rich fluid as opposed to mucous-type secretions from other salivary glands.

Medical Information

The parotid glands can be affected by several conditions:

  • Parotitis: Inflammation of the parotid gland, often due to bacterial infection or viral causes like mumps. Symptoms include swelling near the jaw, pain (especially when eating), fever, and sometimes pus discharge into the mouth.

  • Sialolithiasis: Formation of salivary stones in the parotid duct, leading to pain and swelling, particularly during meals.

  • Sjogren’s syndrome: An autoimmune condition that leads to chronic dryness of the mouth and eyes due to reduced salivary output.

  • Parotid tumors: Most are benign (like pleomorphic adenomas), but malignancies can also occur. Tumors may present as painless swelling in the cheek or jaw.

  • Dry mouth (xerostomia): Can result from dehydration, medications, radiation therapy, or autoimmune diseases.

Parotid gland function is essential not just for digestion but also for oral health and infection prevention, as reduced saliva can lead to tooth decay, oral thrush, and difficulty swallowing.

Natural remedies to support Parotids (Salivary Glands)

Hydration: Drinking plenty of water is the simplest and most effective way to support salivary flow.

Chewing gum or sour foods: Stimulate saliva production through mechanical and gustatory stimulation.

Massage and warm compresses: Can relieve blockages or minor inflammation.

Good oral hygiene: Prevents secondary bacterial infections that can affect the parotids.

Herbal support: Licorice root and slippery elm help soothe mucosal membranes; echinacea may aid in immune response for infections.

Avoid anticholinergic medications: These suppress parasympathetic activity and reduce salivary flow.