Progesterone

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Other names for Progesterone

P4
corpus luteum hormone
progestin (when synthetic)

Synopsis of Progesterone

Progesterone is a steroid hormone produced mainly by the corpus luteum in the ovaries during the second half of the menstrual cycle, and later by the placenta during pregnancy. It also originates in smaller amounts from the adrenal glands in both men and women. In females, progesterone plays a central role in reproduction, hormonal balance, and pregnancy maintenance, while in males, it contributes to the balance of other hormones, including testosterone and cortisol.

Progesterone works in opposition and harmony with estrogen to regulate the menstrual cycle. It prepares the uterine lining (endometrium) for implantation of a fertilized egg, inhibits further ovulation during pregnancy, and supports the early stages of gestation. It also modulates the immune response, has a calming (neuroprotective) effect on the brain, and helps regulate fluid balance via its interaction with mineralocorticoid receptors.

Medical Information

Proper progesterone levels are essential for fertility, menstrual regularity, and pregnancy support. Clinical issues associated with progesterone include:

  • Low progesterone: May lead to irregular cycles, infertility, PMS, spotting before periods, anxiety, insomnia, and estrogen dominance symptoms (e.g., breast tenderness, bloating).

  • Luteal phase defect: Inadequate progesterone production after ovulation, affecting fertility and implantation.

  • Menopause and perimenopause: Natural decline in progesterone levels can cause mood changes, hot flashes, and sleep disturbances.

  • Pregnancy complications: Low progesterone has been linked to miscarriage and preterm labor.

  • High progesterone: Rare, but may occur with adrenal disorders or over-supplementation, leading to fatigue, dizziness, or mood changes.

Progesterone is measured via blood tests, typically 7 days after ovulation in women. Bioidentical and synthetic forms are used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT), fertility treatments, and contraception.

Natural remedies to support Progesterone

Vitex (chaste tree berry): Stimulates LH release and supports corpus luteum function, enhancing progesterone.

Vitamin B6: Supports the luteal phase and neurotransmitter balance related to progesterone synthesis.

Magnesium and zinc: Cofactors in hormone production and stress regulation.

Adaptogens (e.g., ashwagandha, rhodiola): Support adrenal function and mitigate progesterone-depleting effects of chronic stress.

Seed cycling: Natural method involving flax/pumpkin in the follicular phase and sesame/sunflower in the luteal phase to support hormonal rhythm.

Healthy fats and cholesterol: Needed as building blocks for all steroid hormones, including progesterone.