Serotonin

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Other names for Serotonin

5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)

Synopsis of Serotonin

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter and signaling molecule involved in regulating a wide variety of physiological and emotional functions. Chemically derived from the amino acid tryptophan, serotonin is most famous for its role in mood regulation, but it also influences digestion, sleep, appetite, pain perception, cognition, and hormonal balance.

Interestingly, while serotonin acts in the brain, about 90–95% of it is actually produced in the gastrointestinal tract, where it regulates bowel function and motility. In the central nervous system, it helps regulate mood, anxiety, and sleep-wake cycles. Serotonin’s influence on vascular tone, platelet aggregation, and other endocrine functions also highlights its wide-reaching impact on health.

Serotonin cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, so the serotonin in the brain must be produced there, using tryptophan transported into the CNS.

Imbalances in serotonin are associated with several physical and mental health conditions:

  • Low serotonin: Often linked to depression, anxiety, insomnia, irritability, poor appetite, and low pain tolerance.

  • High serotonin: Usually due to medication overdose or interaction (e.g., SSRIs, MAOIs) and may result in serotonin syndrome, a dangerous condition causing agitation, confusion, tremors, high blood pressure, or seizures.

  • IBS and gut-brain axis: Since serotonin modulates intestinal motility, imbalances may contribute to irritable bowel syndrome and other digestive issues.

  • Migraines and pain disorders: Fluctuating serotonin levels can trigger or exacerbate these conditions.

Common medications that affect serotonin include SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), tricyclic antidepressants, and triptans for migraines.

Natural remedies to support Serotonin

Tryptophan and 5-HTP: Precursors to serotonin; available from foods or supplements.

Vitamin B6 and magnesium: Essential co-factors in serotonin synthesis.

Omega-3 fatty acids: Improve receptor sensitivity and reduce inflammation affecting neurotransmission.

Regular sunlight exposure: Boosts serotonin through light-stimulated pathways in the brain.

Exercise: Increases serotonin production and receptor sensitivity.

Probiotics: Support gut health, which in turn influences serotonin signaling in the gut-brain axis.

Mindfulness and gratitude practices: Can naturally raise serotonin levels and improve emotional balance.

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