Skeletal System (Bones)

Table of Contents

Other names

bone system
musculoskeletal framework

Synopsis

The skeletal system is the structural foundation of the body, composed of 206 bones in adults, along with cartilage, ligaments, and joints. It provides support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell production. Bones are living tissues that constantly remodel through processes of resorption (breakdown) and formation.

Key functions include:

  • Support: Maintains body shape and posture.

  • Protection: Shields vital organs (e.g., skull protects the brain, rib cage protects the heart and lungs).

  • Movement: Muscles attach to bones and pull them for locomotion.

  • Mineral storage: Especially calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.

  • Hematopoiesis: Red and white blood cells are made in the red marrow of certain bones.

The skeletal system consists of two main divisions:

  • Axial skeleton: Skull, spine, and rib cage.

  • Appendicular skeleton: Limbs and girdles (pelvic and shoulder bones).

Bone health is influenced by age, hormones, nutrition, and activity levels. Common disorders include:

  • Osteoporosis: Loss of bone mass and density, increasing fracture risk—especially in postmenopausal women and the elderly.

  • Osteopenia: Early-stage bone loss that can progress to osteoporosis.

  • Fractures: Result from trauma or weakened bones.

  • Arthritis: Though primarily a joint disorder, inflammation can affect surrounding bones.

  • Rickets and osteomalacia: Softening of bones due to vitamin D deficiency (in children and adults, respectively).

  • Paget’s disease: Abnormal bone remodeling leading to deformities and weakened structure.

Hormones like estrogen, testosterone, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D regulate bone turnover. Imbalances can impair bone strength and mineralization.

Natural Remedies

Weight-bearing exercise: Walking, resistance training, and jumping stimulate bone formation.

Calcium and magnesium: Essential minerals for bone density and structure.

Vitamin D: Crucial for calcium absorption and bone metabolism.

Vitamin K2: Helps direct calcium to bones and away from soft tissues.

Collagen: Provides the structural matrix for bone tissue.

Boron and silica: Trace minerals that support bone mineralization and flexibility.

Anti-inflammatory diet: Reduces chronic inflammation that may impair bone repair.