Adenitis

Table of Contents

Other names

Lymphadenitis
Gland inflammation
Swollen lymph nodes
Lymph node infection
Lymphatic gland infection

Synopsis

Adenitis refers to the inflammation of lymph nodes, typically caused by infection. Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped structures in the lymphatic system that help filter harmful substances and support immune function. When bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens invade the body, lymph nodes can become inflamed as they work to fight off the infection, leading to swelling, tenderness, and sometimes redness or warmth over the affected area.

Lymphadenitis is a specific type of adenitis where the lymph nodes become infected and inflamed, often occurring in the neck, underarms, groin, or other areas where clusters of lymph nodes are located. While adenitis is often a reaction to common infections, it can occasionally signal more serious conditions, including autoimmune diseases or cancers like lymphoma.

Types:

  • Localized adenitis: Involves inflammation in a single group of lymph nodes (e.g., cervical adenitis in the neck).

  • Generalized adenitis: Involves multiple lymph node groups throughout the body, often due to systemic infections or conditions.

  • Suppurative adenitis: Infected lymph nodes become filled with pus, leading to abscess formation.

  • Non-suppurative adenitis: Swollen nodes without pus formation, usually caused by viral infections or non-infectious inflammation.

Common Causes:

  • Bacterial infections: Streptococcus or Staphylococcus species, commonly leading to suppurative adenitis.

  • Viral infections: Epstein-Barr virus (mononucleosis), HIV, cytomegalovirus (CMV).

  • Fungal infections: Histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis (in rare cases).

  • Parasitic infections: Toxoplasmosis can cause lymph node swelling.

  • Autoimmune diseases: Conditions like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis may cause non-infectious adenitis.

  • Tuberculosis (TB): Can cause chronic lymph node inflammation (scrofula).

  • Cancer: Lymphomas, leukemia, or metastasized cancers can cause persistent lymph node swelling.

  • Cat scratch disease: Caused by Bartonella henselae bacteria following a scratch or bite.

More Severe Causes (Complications):

  • Abscess formation: Pus accumulation within lymph nodes, requiring drainage.

  • Spread of infection (sepsis): Infection from lymph nodes can enter the bloodstream.

  • Chronic lymphadenitis: Persistent swelling, which could indicate underlying conditions like tuberculosis, HIV, or cancer.

  • Airway obstruction: Swollen nodes in the neck may compress airways or blood vessels.

When to See a Doctor:

  • Swollen lymph nodes lasting more than two weeks without improvement

  • Nodes that are hard, fixed, or rapidly enlarging

  • Accompanied by fever, night sweats, weight loss (systemic symptoms)

  • Severe pain, redness, or warmth over the lymph nodes

  • History of cancer or high risk for infections like tuberculosis or HIV

Natural Remedies

Warm Compresses: Apply warm, moist compresses to the swollen area to reduce discomfort and promote drainage. Use several times daily for 10–15 minutes.

Rest and Hydration: Allow the body to recover by resting and drinking plenty of fluids. Supports immune system efficiency.

Echinacea: Traditionally used to support immune response and help the body fight infections. May be consumed as tea or supplement.

Garlic Supplementation: Garlic’s antimicrobial properties help the body fight infections. Fresh garlic or supplements can support immune health.

Turmeric (Curcumin): Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties help reduce swelling and support healing. Can be consumed as a supplement or added to food.

Ginger Tea: Ginger reduces inflammation and boosts immune response. Drink 1–2 cups daily to support recovery.

Vitamin C: Supports immune function and enhances resistance to infections. Supplement or consume vitamin C-rich foods like citrus fruits and berries.

Zinc Supplementation: Zinc helps immune cells function properly and may reduce the severity of infections. Often used to support recovery from viral or bacterial infections.

Gentle Massage (if non-suppurative): Promotes lymphatic drainage and reduces swelling. Should only be done if no abscess is present.

Ingredients

These raw ingredients are often used in alternative medicine to treat this condition.

turmeric
vitamin C
zinc
rhodiola
selenium
ashwagandha
berberine
echinacea purpurea
garlic bulb
ginger
ginseng
goldenseal
licorice root
omega-3 fatty acids