Angina

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Other names for Angina

Angina pectoris
Microvascular angina
Stable angina
Unstable angina
Variant angina (Prinzmetal’s angina)

Synopsis of Angina

Angina is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium), typically due to coronary artery disease (CAD). This reduction in blood flow deprives the heart of oxygen, especially during exertion or stress. Angina is a symptom, not a disease, signaling underlying heart problems that may increase the risk of heart attack (myocardial infarction).

There are several types of angina:

  • Stable angina: Predictable, triggered by physical activity or stress, relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.

  • Unstable angina: Unpredictable, occurs at rest, more severe, and requires immediate medical attention (precursor to heart attack).

  • Variant angina (Prinzmetal’s angina): Caused by coronary artery spasms, occurs at rest, often cyclic and at night.

  • Microvascular angina: Affects smaller coronary arteries and may cause chest pain without significant arterial blockages.

Types:

  • Stable angina: Consistent pattern of chest pain with exertion or stress.

  • Unstable angina: Unexpected chest pain at rest or worsening pattern; medical emergency.

  • Variant angina (Prinzmetal’s): Chest pain from coronary artery spasms, often at night.

  • Microvascular angina: Pain caused by dysfunction in tiny coronary vessels without blockages.

Common Causes:

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD): Narrowed or blocked arteries from plaque buildup (atherosclerosis).

  • Coronary artery spasms: Sudden tightening of muscles within artery walls (variant angina).

  • Anemia: Low oxygen-carrying capacity reduces heart oxygenation.

  • Hypertension: Increases demand on the heart.

  • Heart valve disease: Increases workload on the heart.

  • Emotional stress or physical exertion: Increases oxygen demand.

  • Cold exposure: Narrows blood vessels, triggering angina in some individuals.

More Severe Causes (Complications):

  • Heart attack (myocardial infarction): Complete blockage of coronary artery blood flow.

  • Arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms due to reduced oxygen supply.

  • Heart failure: Weakened heart muscle from chronic oxygen deprivation.

  • Sudden cardiac death: In extreme cases of unstable angina or severe coronary artery disease.

When to See a Doctor:

  • New or worsening chest pain, especially at rest

  • Chest pain lasting longer than a few minutes or not relieved by rest or medication

  • Pain radiating to the jaw, neck, shoulder, or arm

  • Associated symptoms like shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, or nausea

  • Known history of coronary artery disease with increased symptoms

Natural remedies for Angina

Mediterranean Diet: Rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, olive oil, and nuts; supports cardiovascular health and reduces inflammation. Focus on omega-3 sources, antioxidants, and fiber.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA, EPA): Reduce inflammation, improve blood vessel function, and lower triglycerides. Include fatty fish (salmon, mackerel) or fish oil supplements.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): Supports mitochondrial energy production and improves heart muscle function. May reduce angina symptoms in some studies.

Garlic: Supports vascular health, reduces cholesterol, and helps regulate blood pressure. Consume raw, cooked, or as a supplement.

Magnesium: Relaxes blood vessels, reduces blood pressure, and supports normal heart rhythm. Include magnesium-rich foods or supplements.

Pomegranate Juice (in moderation): Rich in antioxidants, supports arterial health and reduces plaque buildup. Consume a small glass daily.

Green Tea (Catechins): Supports heart health by reducing LDL cholesterol and improving blood vessel function. Drink 1–2 cups daily.

Stress Reduction (Yoga, Meditation, Deep Breathing): Lowers cortisol, improves heart rate variability, and reduces angina triggers. Practice regularly to reduce emotional stress.

Physical Activity (Moderate, Under Supervision): Improves circulation and heart efficiency; walking, cycling, or swimming recommended. Consult a doctor before starting.

Stop Smoking: Essential for reducing risk of coronary artery disease and angina. Support with counseling, supplements, or medications.

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