Arrhythmia

Table of Contents

Other names

Irregular heartbeat
Cardiac dysrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (AFib)
Ventricular tachycardia
Bradycardia

Synopsis

Arrhythmia refers to any irregularity in the heart's rhythm, which can include beating too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or erratically (fibrillation). The heart’s rhythm is regulated by electrical signals that coordinate contractions. When these signals malfunction, it can lead to arrhythmias that range from harmless to life-threatening.

Some arrhythmias are episodic and cause mild symptoms like palpitations, while others can impair the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively, leading to stroke, heart failure, or sudden cardiac arrest. The severity depends on the type and underlying cause.

Types:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AFib): Irregular, often rapid heartbeat originating in the atria.

  • Atrial flutter: Similar to AFib but with a more regular rhythm.

  • Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT): Rapid heart rate originating above the ventricles.

  • Ventricular tachycardia (VT): Rapid heartbeat originating in the ventricles; can be dangerous.

  • Ventricular fibrillation (VFib): Chaotic electrical signals in the ventricles; a medical emergency.

  • Bradycardia: Heart rate too slow, usually under 60 beats per minute.

  • Premature beats (PACs/PVCs): Early beats from the atria or ventricles, often benign.

Common Causes (Risk Factors):

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD): Reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.

  • High blood pressure (hypertension): Strains the heart, leading to electrical irregularities.

  • Heart valve disorders: Affect blood flow and heart rhythm.

  • Electrolyte imbalances: Potassium, calcium, or magnesium levels influence heart conduction.

  • Thyroid dysfunction: Hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism can affect heart rate.

  • Excessive alcohol, caffeine, or stimulant use: Can trigger arrhythmias.

  • Medications: Some drugs (e.g., decongestants, beta-agonists) can cause arrhythmias.

  • Sleep apnea: Oxygen deprivation stresses the heart and affects rhythm.

  • Genetic conditions: Inherited arrhythmia syndromes (e.g., Long QT syndrome).

  • Stress or anxiety: Activates the sympathetic nervous system, potentially triggering arrhythmias.

More Severe Causes (Complications):

  • Stroke: Especially with AFib, as blood clots can form in the atria.

  • Heart failure: Ineffective pumping due to rhythm disturbances.

  • Sudden cardiac arrest: From dangerous arrhythmias like VFib or sustained VT.

  • Organ damage: Due to poor blood supply if arrhythmias impair circulation.

  • Emotional distress: Anxiety and fear associated with recurrent arrhythmia episodes.

When to See a Doctor or Cardiologist:

  • Persistent or recurrent palpitations or irregular heartbeat

  • Episodes of dizziness, fainting, or near-fainting

  • Shortness of breath, chest pain, or pressure

  • History of heart disease with new or worsening symptoms

  • Family history of arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death

  • Symptoms worsen with exercise or emotional stress

Natural Remedies

Magnesium Supplementation: Supports normal electrical conduction in the heart and helps prevent irregular rhythms. Consider magnesium glycinate or citrate.

Potassium-Rich Foods: Maintain electrolyte balance, essential for proper heart function. Include bananas, sweet potatoes, avocados, and leafy greens.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA, EPA): Support heart health, reduce inflammation, and improve heart rhythm stability. Include fatty fish or fish oil supplements.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): Supports cellular energy in the heart muscle, enhances cardiac function, and may reduce arrhythmia risk. Use under guidance.

Hawthorn Berry: Traditionally supports heart function and may help stabilize heart rhythm. Consume as tea or standardized extract.

Stress Reduction (Yoga, Meditation, Deep Breathing): Balances autonomic nervous system, reduces arrhythmia triggers from stress. Practice daily for nervous system regulation.

Limit Caffeine and Alcohol: Both substances can exacerbate arrhythmias, especially in sensitive individuals. Reduce or eliminate as needed.

Adequate Sleep (7–9 hours): Supports heart rhythm regulation and reduces sympathetic nervous system overactivity. Maintain a consistent sleep schedule.

Avoid Stimulant Medications (Decongestants, Beta-agonists): These can exacerbate arrhythmias in predisposed individuals. Consult a healthcare provider before use.

Stay Hydrated: Maintains electrolyte balance and supports heart function. Drink adequate fluids daily.