Arteriosclerosis

Table of Contents

Other names

Arterial hardening
Atherosclerosis
Vascular calcification
Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Synopsis

Arteriosclerosis is the thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arteries, restricting blood flow to organs and tissues. It is a progressive condition commonly associated with aging, but can be accelerated by factors like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, and diabetes. Over time, arteriosclerosis can lead to heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and peripheral artery disease (PAD).

One of the most common forms is atherosclerosis, where fatty deposits (plaques) build up inside artery walls, narrowing the vessels and reducing blood flow. These plaques can rupture, leading to blood clots that can block blood flow completely.

Types:

  • Atherosclerosis: Build-up of plaques composed of cholesterol, fats, and inflammatory cells.

  • Arteriolosclerosis: Hardening of small arteries or arterioles, often due to hypertension or diabetes.

  • Monckeberg’s arteriosclerosis: Calcification of the arterial wall, particularly the middle layer (media), without plaque formation.

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD): Arteriosclerosis affecting arteries that supply the heart.

  • Peripheral artery disease (PAD): Arteriosclerosis in arteries of the limbs.

Common Causes (Risk Factors):

  • High cholesterol levels (LDL): Leads to plaque buildup.

  • Hypertension (high blood pressure): Damages artery walls, promoting plaque formation.

  • Smoking: Damages the endothelium (inner lining) of arteries and promotes inflammation.

  • Diabetes: High blood sugar damages blood vessels and accelerates arteriosclerosis.

  • Obesity: Increases inflammation and cholesterol levels.

  • Sedentary lifestyle: Lowers HDL (good) cholesterol and increases risk factors.

  • Family history: Genetic predisposition to heart disease or high cholesterol.

  • Aging: Arteries naturally stiffen over time.

More Severe Causes (Complications):

  • Heart attack (myocardial infarction): From blocked coronary arteries.

  • Stroke: From blocked or narrowed arteries supplying the brain.

  • Peripheral artery disease (PAD): Poor circulation to limbs, causing pain or tissue damage.

  • Aneurysm: Artery walls weaken due to plaque buildup, potentially leading to rupture.

  • Chronic kidney disease: Reduced blood flow damages kidneys.

When to See a Doctor or Cardiologist:

  • Symptoms of chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, or palpitations

  • Pain, numbness, or weakness in the legs (possible PAD)

  • High blood pressure, cholesterol, or blood sugar levels

  • Family history of heart disease or arteriosclerosis

  • Sudden weakness, confusion, vision problems (stroke warning signs)

Natural Remedies

Mediterranean Diet: Rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, olive oil, fish, and nuts; supports heart health and reduces arterial inflammation. Incorporate omega-3 sources and fiber.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA, EPA): Reduce inflammation, lower triglycerides, and improve arterial flexibility. Include fatty fish or fish oil supplements.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): Supports heart muscle function and reduces oxidative stress in the arteries. Use under guidance.

Garlic: Helps lower cholesterol, reduce blood pressure, and improve arterial health. Consume raw, cooked, or as supplements.

Curcumin (Turmeric): Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant; reduces arterial plaque formation and improves endothelial function. Take as a supplement or in food.

Fiber-Rich Foods (Oats, Flaxseed, Legumes): Help lower LDL cholesterol and support gut health. Include daily for heart health.

Magnesium: Supports blood pressure regulation and arterial relaxation. Found in leafy greens, nuts, and supplements.

Green Tea (Catechins): Supports vascular health, reduces LDL oxidation, and improves blood vessel function. Drink 1–2 cups daily.

Exercise (Aerobic and Resistance Training): Improves blood flow, reduces blood pressure, and helps maintain healthy cholesterol levels. Aim for 150 minutes per week.

Stress Reduction (Yoga, Meditation, Deep Breathing): Reduces cortisol, which contributes to arterial inflammation. Practice regularly.