Cataracts

Table of Contents

Other names

Lens Opacity
Nuclear Cataract
Cortical Cataract
Posterior Subcapsular Cataract
Congenital Cataract

Synopsis

Cataracts are a common eye condition characterized by clouding of the lens, which leads to blurred or impaired vision. The lens, located behind the iris and pupil, focuses light onto the retina to create clear images. When proteins in the lens clump together or break down, they form cloudy areas that interfere with light transmission, leading to vision problems. Cataracts often develop slowly and are associated with aging, but can also result from genetic factors, eye injuries, certain diseases, or exposure to harmful environmental elements.

Types of Cataracts:

  • Nuclear Cataract: Forms in the center of the lens; commonly linked with aging.

  • Cortical Cataract: Develops in the lens cortex, affecting the edges before spreading inward.

  • Posterior Subcapsular Cataract: Forms at the back of the lens; progresses faster and affects near vision.

  • Congenital Cataract: Present at birth or develops in childhood due to genetic or prenatal factors.

Common Causes:

  • Aging (most prevalent cause)

  • Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure

  • Smoking

  • Diabetes and other metabolic diseases

  • Prolonged use of corticosteroids

  • Eye trauma or surgery

  • Genetic predisposition

  • Excessive alcohol consumption

  • Nutritional deficiencies (particularly antioxidants)

Severity Factors:

  • Early-stage cataracts may present as slight vision blur or glare around lights.

  • As cataracts progress, vision becomes increasingly cloudy, colors may fade, and night vision deteriorates.

  • Severe cataracts can result in significant vision loss or blindness if left untreated.

When to See a Doctor:

  • Persistent blurred or cloudy vision

  • Increased difficulty seeing at night

  • Sensitivity to light and glare

  • Seeing halos around lights

  • Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescriptions

  • Fading or yellowing of colors

Natural Remedies

Protect eyes from UV rays: Wear sunglasses that block 100% UVA/UVB.

Improve lighting: Use brighter lights in living and reading areas.

Diet rich in antioxidants: Consume foods high in vitamins C and E, lutein, zeaxanthin, and carotenoids.

Manage health conditions: Control diabetes and other underlying health issues.

Avoid smoking and limit alcohol: Reduces risk of oxidative damage.

Regular eye exams: Early detection can help manage progression.

Use magnifying lenses: To assist with reading or close-up tasks.