Colds (antiviral)

Table of Contents

Other names

Common Cold
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URI)
Viral Rhinitis
Acute Viral Nasopharyngitis

Synopsis

The common cold is a mild viral infection that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract (nose, throat, and sinuses). It is caused by a variety of viruses, with rhinoviruses being the most common culprit, although coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenoviruses, and others can also be responsible. Colds are highly contagious and spread through airborne droplets, direct contact with infected surfaces, or hand-to-mouth/eye contact.

Symptoms typically include a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, sneezing, coughing, mild body aches, fatigue, and sometimes a low-grade fever. Colds generally resolve within 7–10 days without serious complications, but they can be uncomfortable and disruptive. Antiviral support focuses on strengthening the immune system, reducing viral load, and shortening the duration of symptoms.

Types of Cold Infections:

  • Typical Cold: Involves nasal congestion, sore throat, and mild cough.

  • Cold with Secondary Infection: Colds that lead to complications like sinusitis, ear infections, or bronchitis.

  • Prolonged Cold: Symptoms lasting more than 10 days, often due to secondary infections or immune suppression.

Common Causes:

  • Rhinoviruses (most common)

  • Coronaviruses (seasonal types)

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

  • Adenoviruses

  • Parainfluenza viruses

Severity Factors:

  • Weaker immune systems (young children, elderly, chronic illnesses) can experience more severe or prolonged colds.

  • Stress, poor nutrition, smoking, or sleep deprivation can increase susceptibility and prolong recovery.

  • Cold weather and crowded environments increase exposure risk.

When to See a Doctor:

  • Symptoms lasting more than 10–14 days without improvement

  • High fever (above 102°F or 39°C)

  • Severe sinus pain or swelling

  • Chest pain or difficulty breathing

  • Ear pain or drainage

  • Symptoms worsening after initial improvement

Natural Remedies

Rest: Vital for immune system recovery.

Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to loosen mucus and prevent dehydration.

Warm teas with honey and lemon: Soothes throat and supports immunity.

Steam inhalation: Helps relieve nasal congestion.

Saltwater gargle: Reduces throat soreness.

Use a humidifier: Keeps nasal passages moist.

Nutrient-dense diet: Focus on fruits, vegetables, and immune-supportive foods.