Constipation (adults)

Table of Contents

Other names

Slow Bowel Movements
Difficult Defecation
Bowel Irregularity
Decreased Bowel Motility

Synopsis

Constipation in adults refers to infrequent or difficult bowel movements, often defined as fewer than three bowel movements per week. Stools are typically hard, dry, and difficult to pass. In addition to causing physical discomfort like bloating, cramping, and straining, chronic constipation can lead to more serious conditions like hemorrhoids, anal fissures, or fecal impaction if left untreated.

Constipation can result from poor diet, dehydration, lack of exercise, certain medications, or underlying medical conditions. Lifestyle changes and natural remedies are typically effective for mild to moderate cases, but persistent constipation may require medical evaluation to rule out more serious causes like hypothyroidism, diabetes, neurological disorders, or structural problems in the intestines.

Types of Constipation:

  • Functional/Idiopathic Constipation: No clear underlying disease; often lifestyle-related.

  • Secondary Constipation: Caused by medical conditions or medications.

  • Outlet Obstruction: Difficulty evacuating stool due to pelvic floor dysfunction.

  • Slow Transit Constipation: Delayed movement of stool through the colon.

Common Causes:

  • Low-fiber diet

  • Inadequate fluid intake

  • Sedentary lifestyle

  • Ignoring the urge to defecate

  • Overuse of stimulant laxatives

  • Medications (opioids, antidepressants, antacids with calcium or aluminum)

  • Hypothyroidism

  • Diabetes

  • Neurological diseases (Parkinson’s, MS, stroke)

Severity Factors:

  • Hard, dry stools causing pain and straining

  • Long-term constipation can cause colon damage or dependency on laxatives

  • Severe cases can lead to fecal impaction, requiring emergency treatment

When to See a Doctor:

  • Constipation lasting longer than three weeks without improvement

  • Severe abdominal pain, bloating, or vomiting

  • Blood in stool or black, tarry stools

  • Unintended weight loss

  • New onset of constipation after age 50

  • Difficulty passing gas or having bowel movements at all

Natural Remedies

Increase fiber intake: Gradually add fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.

Hydration: Drink at least 8–10 glasses of water daily.

Regular exercise: Walking, yoga, and light aerobic activities stimulate bowel movement.

Establish a bathroom routine: Try going at the same time each day, especially after meals.

Natural laxatives: Such as prunes, figs, or chia seeds.

Avoid overuse of stimulant laxatives: These can worsen constipation over time.

Use of stool softeners or bulk-forming fiber supplements: As needed.

Abdominal massage: Clockwise circular motions help stimulate bowel movement.