Dandruff

Table of Contents

Other names

Seborrheic Dermatitis (Scalp)
Scalp Flaking
Scalp Dryness
Pityriasis Capitis

Synopsis

Dandruff is a common scalp condition characterized by flaking of the skin on the scalp, sometimes accompanied by mild itching or irritation. While it is not contagious or serious, it can be persistent and cosmetically bothersome. Dandruff can result from dry skin, excess oil production, fungal overgrowth (Malassezia yeast), sensitivity to hair products (contact dermatitis), or a combination of these factors.

It typically worsens in cold, dry weather and may fluctuate with stress or hormonal changes. In more severe cases, dandruff can evolve into seborrheic dermatitis, where oily, inflamed patches develop not only on the scalp but also on the eyebrows, sides of the nose, and behind the ears.

Types of Dandruff:

  • Dry Scalp Dandruff: Fine, loose white flakes often caused by dry air or harsh shampoos.

  • Oily Scalp Dandruff: Larger, greasy flakes caused by excess sebum and yeast overgrowth.

  • Seborrheic Dermatitis: More severe form with yellowish, oily scales and redness.

  • Product Buildup Dandruff: From heavy hair products irritating the scalp.

Common Causes:

  • Malassezia yeast overgrowth on the scalp

  • Dry skin (especially in winter)

  • Excess oil (sebum) production

  • Sensitivity to shampoos, conditioners, or hair dyes

  • Infrequent shampooing (allowing oils and skin cells to accumulate)

  • Poor scalp hygiene

  • Stress, immune suppression, hormonal imbalances

Severity Factors:

  • Symptoms worsen in cold, dry conditions

  • Oily skin types are more prone to seborrheic dandruff

  • Chronic stress can exacerbate symptoms

  • In some people, dandruff may persist despite good hygiene and requires medicated treatment

When to See a Doctor:

  • Severe flaking, redness, or swelling that does not improve with over-the-counter treatments

  • Signs of infection (yellow discharge, pain)

  • Hair loss associated with scalp irritation

  • Dandruff spreading to other areas (ears, eyebrows, nose)

  • If psoriasis or eczema of the scalp is suspected

Natural Remedies

Gentle, regular shampooing: Removes excess oils and skin flakes

Use of anti-fungal shampoos: Containing zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, or ketoconazole

Tea tree oil: Diluted in carrier oil or shampoos (antifungal and anti-inflammatory)

Apple cider vinegar rinses: May restore scalp pH balance (diluted, used carefully)

Scalp massage: Improves circulation and loosens flakes

Coconut oil: Moisturizes dry scalp and has antifungal properties

Manage stress: Meditation, exercise, and adequate sleep

Ingredients

These raw ingredients are often used in alternative medicine to treat this condition.

pomegranate
quercetin
resveratrol
spirulina
turmeric
vitamin C
vitamin D
zinc
aloe vera
anthocyanins
blueberry
bilberry
black currant
garlic bulb
ginger
green tea