Dehydration

Table of Contents

Other names

Fluid Deficiency
Hypohydration
Loss of Body Water
Electrolyte Imbalance (due to fluid loss)

Synopsis

Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, leading to an insufficient amount of water to perform essential bodily functions. Water is critical for temperature regulation, joint lubrication, digestion, circulation, and cellular activity. Even mild dehydration can cause symptoms like fatigue, headaches, dry mouth, and dizziness, while severe dehydration can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.

Dehydration can affect anyone, but infants, older adults, athletes, and those with chronic illnesses are especially vulnerable. Causes range from inadequate fluid intake to excessive fluid loss from sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, or diuretic use.

Types of Dehydration:

  • Mild: Thirst, dry mouth, and reduced urination.

  • Moderate: Fatigue, irritability, dizziness, rapid heartbeat.

  • Severe: Confusion, very dry skin, sunken eyes, low blood pressure, and potential shock.

  • Isotonic/Hypertonic/Hypotonic: Refers to electrolyte concentration relative to water loss.

Common Causes:

  • Diarrhea or vomiting

  • Excessive sweating (exercise, heat exposure)

  • Fever

  • Diuretic medications or alcohol

  • Not drinking enough water

  • Illness (especially with fever, nausea, or infection)

  • Diabetes or high blood sugar levels

Severity Factors:

  • Dehydration becomes dangerous when it causes electrolyte imbalances, heatstroke, kidney damage, or impaired cognitive function.

  • Prolonged or repeated dehydration episodes increase risk of organ strain, particularly the kidneys and brain.

  • In children and elderly individuals, symptoms can develop faster and be more dangerous.

When to See a Doctor:

  • Inability to keep fluids down

  • Little or no urination for 8+ hours

  • Severe diarrhea or vomiting lasting more than 24 hours

  • Confusion, dizziness when standing, or fainting

  • Signs of heat exhaustion or heatstroke

  • Dry mouth, sunken eyes, or low skin elasticity in infants or elders

Natural Remedies

Drink water consistently throughout the day: Don’t wait for thirst to signal fluid needs.

Electrolyte-rich fluids: Coconut water, broths, or oral rehydration solutions (ORS) can restore minerals lost in sweat or illness.

Consume water-rich foods: Cucumber, watermelon, oranges, celery, and strawberries.

Avoid diuretics during hot weather: Limit caffeine and alcohol.

Use a humidifier: Helps prevent fluid loss through respiration in dry climates.

Rehydrate slowly: Especially after vomiting or diarrhea to prevent further upset.

Dress appropriately in heat: To reduce unnecessary fluid loss from sweating.