Dementia

Table of Contents

Other names

Cognitive Decline
Neurocognitive Disorder
Senile Dementia
Progressive Cognitive Impairment

Synopsis

Dementia is a progressive neurological syndrome marked by a decline in memory, reasoning, communication, and problem-solving abilities that significantly interferes with daily life. It is not a single disease but a group of conditions affecting brain function, most commonly caused by Alzheimer’s disease, followed by vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia.

Dementia primarily affects older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging. Symptoms develop gradually and may include short-term memory loss, confusion, difficulty with language, disorientation, and changes in mood or behavior. Over time, individuals may lose the ability to care for themselves and require full-time support.

Types of Dementia:

  • Alzheimer’s Disease: Most common, marked by plaques and tangles in the brain.

  • Vascular Dementia: Caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, often after strokes.

  • Lewy Body Dementia: Involves abnormal protein deposits and shares features with Parkinson’s.

  • Frontotemporal Dementia: Affects personality and behavior more than memory early on.

  • Mixed Dementia: Combination of two or more types (often Alzheimer’s + vascular).

Common Causes and Risk Factors:

  • Age (65+)

  • Genetics (e.g., APOE-e4 gene in Alzheimer’s)

  • Cardiovascular disease (hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol)

  • Stroke or head trauma

  • Sedentary lifestyle

  • Social isolation

  • Nutritional deficiencies (e.g., B12)

  • Smoking or excessive alcohol use

  • Depression or chronic stress

Severity Factors:

  • Dementia is progressive; symptoms worsen over time.

  • Early stages: forgetfulness, trouble planning or organizing.

  • Middle stages: confusion, personality changes, difficulty with tasks.

  • Late stages: loss of motor control, communication, and self-care ability.

  • Increased risk of falls, infections, and complications from other illnesses.

When to See a Doctor:

  • Noticeable memory loss affecting daily tasks

  • Repeated confusion, disorientation, or trouble with words

  • Mood swings, apathy, or withdrawal from activities

  • Difficulty managing money, medications, or appointments

  • New behavioral issues, paranoia, or suspicion

  • History of stroke or traumatic brain injury

Natural Remedies

Regular physical activity: Boosts brain blood flow and neuroplasticity

Balanced, anti-inflammatory diet: Mediterranean or MIND diet rich in healthy fats and antioxidants

Mental stimulation: Puzzles, reading, music, learning new skills

Social engagement: Reduces cognitive decline and supports emotional well-being

Sleep hygiene: Supports memory consolidation and detoxification

Stress reduction: Meditation, nature walks, or mindfulness to reduce cortisol

Routine and structure: Help reduce confusion and anxiety