Multiple Sclerosis

Table of Contents

Other names

MS
Disseminated sclerosis
Chronic demyelinating disease
Autoimmune demyelinating disorder

Synopsis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune and neurological disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks the myelin sheath, the protective covering of nerve fibers in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. This damage leads to disrupted nerve signaling, causing a wide variety of motor, sensory, and cognitive symptoms that can vary from mild to severely disabling. MS typically affects adults aged 20 to 50, with women being more frequently affected.

Types of MS:

  • Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS): Most common; symptoms flare up and then improve

  • Secondary progressive MS (SPMS): Initially relapsing-remitting, but gradually worsens

  • Primary progressive MS (PPMS): Steady progression from onset without clear relapses

  • Progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS): Rare; progressive with acute relapses

Common symptoms include:

  • Muscle weakness or stiffness

  • Numbness or tingling in limbs

  • Vision problems (blurred or double vision, optic neuritis)

  • Fatigue

  • Difficulty walking or maintaining balance

  • Dizziness or vertigo

  • Cognitive changes (memory, concentration)

  • Bladder or bowel dysfunction

  • Depression or mood swings

Causes and risk factors:

  • Exact cause unknown; likely a mix of genetics, immune dysfunction, and environmental factors

  • Low vitamin D levels, Epstein-Barr virus exposure, smoking, and northern latitude may increase risk

When to see a doctor:
If experiencing unexplained numbness, vision loss, balance issues, or neurological changes, seek evaluation. Diagnosis involves MRI, lumbar puncture, and neurological exams. There is no cure, but disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), lifestyle interventions, and symptom management can slow progression and improve quality of life.

Natural Remedies

Exercise Regularly (as tolerated): Improves mobility and reduces fatigue.

Follow an Anti-Inflammatory Diet: Emphasize vegetables, healthy fats, and whole foods.

Manage Stress: Meditation, counseling, and breathing techniques can reduce flare frequency.

Avoid Overheating: Heat can temporarily worsen MS symptoms.

Get Adequate Rest: Supports immune regulation and energy balance.