Narcolepsy

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Other names for Narcolepsy

Sleep disorder with excessive daytime sleepiness
REM sleep dysregulation disorder
Hypersomnia with cataplexy (Type 1)
Narcolepsy without cataplexy (Type 2)

Synopsis of Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological sleep disorder that affects the brain's ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles, leading to excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks. People with narcolepsy may enter REM (rapid eye movement) sleep almost immediately and inappropriately throughout the day. In some cases, this is accompanied by cataplexy, a sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions.

Types of narcolepsy:

  • Type 1 (with cataplexy): Often caused by loss of hypocretin (orexin), a brain chemical that regulates wakefulness

  • Type 2 (without cataplexy): Similar symptoms but normal hypocretin levels

Primary symptoms:

  • Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS): Persistent fatigue and involuntary dozing

  • Cataplexy: Sudden muscle weakness (e.g., knees buckling, head dropping) often triggered by laughter or surprise

  • Sleep paralysis: Temporary inability to move when falling asleep or waking up

  • Hallucinations: Vivid dreams during sleep onset or awakening

  • Disrupted nighttime sleep: Frequent awakenings despite being tired during the day

Possible causes and triggers:

  • Autoimmune destruction of hypocretin-producing neurons

  • Genetic predisposition (HLA-DQB1*06:02 gene)

  • Brain injuries or infections (rare)

  • Often starts in adolescence or early adulthood

When to see a doctor:
If you experience excessive sleepiness, sudden muscle weakness, or unusual sleep phenomena, see a sleep specialist. Diagnosis involves overnight polysomnography followed by a Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT).

While there is no cure, treatment includes lifestyle modifications and medications such as stimulants, sodium oxybate, and SSRIs/SNRIs for cataplexy.

Natural remedies for Narcolepsy

Maintain a Consistent Sleep Schedule: Go to bed and wake up at the same time daily.

Take Scheduled Naps: Short naps during the day can help reduce daytime sleepiness.

Avoid Heavy Meals and Alcohol: Especially during the day, as they can worsen fatigue.

Exercise Regularly: Boosts alertness and improves nighttime sleep.

Create a Safe Environment: If sleep attacks or cataplexy are frequent, reduce fall risks.