Parkinson's Disease

Table of Contents

Other names

Idiopathic Parkinsonism
Primary Parkinsonism
Shaking Palsy
PD

Synopsis

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting motor function due to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain. While its exact cause is unknown, the disease gradually impairs coordination, movement, and balance. Symptoms typically begin on one side of the body and worsen over time. Though there is no cure, early detection and symptom management can significantly improve quality of life.

Types:

  • Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease: Most common, cause unknown

  • Genetic Parkinsonism: Linked to gene mutations (e.g., LRRK2, PARK7)

  • Secondary Parkinsonism: Caused by medications, toxins, or head trauma

  • Atypical Parkinsonism: Includes Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), and Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD)

Common Causes:

  • Dopamine neuron degeneration (unknown trigger)

  • Genetic mutations (5–10% of cases)

  • Exposure to pesticides or heavy metals

  • Repeated head injuries

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress

Severity Causes:

  • Advanced neuronal loss leading to motor and non-motor complications

  • Late diagnosis with few compensatory mechanisms left

  • Poor medication response or aggressive progression

  • Co-existing disorders such as dementia, depression, or cardiovascular disease

When to See a Doctor:

  • Persistent tremors at rest

  • Difficulty with balance or walking

  • Noticeable rigidity or stiffness

  • Slowed movements (bradykinesia)

  • Changes in facial expression, handwriting, or posture
    Early diagnosis allows for more effective management and better long-term planning.

Natural Remedies

Regular Exercise: Structured physical activity (e.g., walking, yoga, tai chi, resistance training) improves mobility, balance, and muscle strength. Exercise has also been shown to slow disease progression and enhance mood and cognition.

Massage and Stretching: Gentle massage therapy and daily stretching routines reduce muscle stiffness and improve circulation, supporting greater physical comfort and range of motion.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These essential fats support brain health and may reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. Flaxseed, walnuts, and fish oil supplements can be incorporated into the diet.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): This antioxidant plays a role in cellular energy production and has shown potential neuroprotective effects. It may help slow progression in early PD, although clinical results are mixed.

Green Tea: Rich in catechins like EGCG, green tea provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support. Some animal studies suggest neuroprotective effects against dopamine cell degeneration.

Meditation and Mindfulness: Practices like meditation and deep breathing lower stress and support mental well-being, which is vital for managing anxiety and depression often associated with PD.

Dietary Adjustments: A fiber-rich diet helps combat constipation, a common non-motor symptom. Hydration and timing of protein intake (away from medication) may also improve drug efficacy.