Sunburn

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Other names for Sunburn

Acute photodamage
Solar erythema
UV-induced skin inflammation

Synopsis of Sunburn

Sunburn is an acute skin reaction to excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, typically from the sun or tanning beds. It leads to inflammation, redness, pain, and in severe cases, blistering and peeling. UVB rays are the primary cause of sunburn, damaging the DNA in skin cells and triggering an immune response. Sunburn is not only painful but also increases the risk of premature aging, sunspots, and skin cancer—especially with repeated exposure. While mild cases heal within a few days, more severe burns may require medical attention or lead to long-term skin damage.

Types:

  • First-degree sunburn: Red, tender skin with no blisters; affects only the outer layer (epidermis)

  • Second-degree sunburn: Includes blistering, swelling, and deeper tissue involvement

  • Severe or systemic sunburn: May include fever, chills, nausea, dehydration, and dizziness—requires medical care

Common Causes:

  • Prolonged sun exposure without sunscreen

  • High UV index environments (e.g., beaches, mountains, snow)

  • Tanning beds or sunlamps

  • Reflective surfaces (water, snow, sand) increasing exposure

  • Medications or supplements that increase photosensitivity

Severity Causes:

  • Fair skin types (less melanin protection)

  • Midday sun exposure (10am–4pm)

  • Not reapplying sunscreen after sweating or swimming

  • Infants, children, or individuals with sensitive skin

  • Pre-existing skin conditions or autoimmune issues

When to See a Doctor:

  • Severe pain or blistering covering a large area

  • Fever, chills, confusion, or dehydration symptoms

  • Signs of infection (oozing, swelling, pus)

  • Eye pain or vision changes from sun exposure

  • Sunburns in very young children or those with compromised immunity

Natural remedies for Sunburn

Aloe vera: Cools and soothes burned skin while supporting cellular repair. Apply fresh gel or clean topical products several times daily.

Vitamin C: Helps reduce oxidative damage and supports collagen synthesis. Internal use boosts recovery and reduces inflammation.

Vitamin E: Antioxidant that helps repair UV-damaged skin. Can be applied topically (mixed with oil) or taken orally.

Chamomile: Reduces redness and inflammation. Use as a cool compress or herbal soak for gentle relief.

Hydration: Drink extra water to replace fluid lost from skin damage and prevent dehydration. Moisturizers also help seal in hydration.

Cool compresses: Applying a damp, cool cloth reduces heat and eases discomfort. Avoid ice directly on skin.

Magnesium: Supports skin healing and reduces muscle cramping or discomfort sometimes associated with systemic sunburn.

Avoid further exposure: Stay out of the sun until fully healed. Use protective clothing and high-SPF sunscreen going forward.

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