Thrush
Synopsis
Thrush is a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans, most commonly affecting the mouth, tongue, inner cheeks, and throat. It presents as white, creamy patches that may be painful or cause a burning sensation. Thrush is most common in infants, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems but can also occur after antibiotic use, during hormonal changes, or in those with chronic conditions like diabetes. While often mild and treatable with antifungal medication, persistent thrush can indicate underlying immune or microbial imbalances and may spread to the esophagus if untreated.
Types:
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Pseudomembranous thrush: White patches that can be wiped off, leaving red or bleeding tissue
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Erythematous thrush: Red, inflamed tissue often found under dentures or in the palate
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Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis: White patches that are firmly attached and may require biopsy
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Esophageal candidiasis: A more serious form that spreads to the throat and esophagus
Common Causes:
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Antibiotic or corticosteroid use (disrupting normal microbiota)
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Weakened immune system (e.g., HIV/AIDS, cancer treatment)
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Diabetes or high blood sugar
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Denture use, especially if not properly cleaned
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Dry mouth or reduced saliva flow
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Hormonal changes (e.g., pregnancy, birth control use)
Severity Causes:
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Immunosuppression or chronic illness
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Poor oral hygiene or frequent sugar intake
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Recurrent antibiotic use
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Coexisting fungal infections (e.g., vaginal yeast infections)
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Nutritional deficiencies (especially iron, B vitamins)
When to See a Doctor:
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White patches that do not improve within a few days
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Pain while eating or swallowing
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Recurring thrush episodes
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Signs of spread to throat or systemic symptoms
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Thrush in infants lasting more than two weeks
Natural Remedies
Probiotics: Restore balance of beneficial bacteria in the mouth and gut, helping to suppress Candida overgrowth naturally.
Coconut oil (if included in blends): Contains antifungal compounds like caprylic acid and lauric acid. Swishing with oil (oil pulling) may help reduce oral fungal load.
Magnesium: Supports immune function and helps maintain a balanced microbial environment.
Vitamin C: Boosts immune response and supports mucosal tissue repair, which helps fight off Candida infections more effectively.
Aloe vera: Soothes inflamed oral tissues and may have mild antifungal properties when used as a rinse or applied topically (edible forms only).
Clove or peppermint oil (if in safe concentrations): Natural antifungals that may support oral health. Should be used in diluted or controlled preparations only.
Good oral hygiene: Brush tongue and gums gently, clean dentures thoroughly, and avoid sugar or yeast-promoting foods.
Avoid mouthwashes with alcohol: These can dry the mouth and worsen microbial imbalance.