Ulcers

Acemannan accelerates healing of oral aphthous ulcers and has demonstrated efficacy in pressure ulcer management in small clinical studies. It stimulates fibroblast proliferation, epithelial growth factors, and collagen synthesis. Animal data support gastrointestinal ulcer healing as well.

Animal studies have shown that ajwain extract has anti-ulcer activity, with a two-week rat study finding that carom seed extract improved ibuprofen-induced stomach ulcers with effects comparable to standard antiulcer medication. Gastric enzyme stimulation and antioxidant mucosal protection are proposed mechanisms.

Alginate-based dressings have demonstrated clinical efficacy in managing chronic skin ulcers including diabetic foot ulcers and pressure ulcers. Internally, alginic acid forms a raft barrier protecting the gastric and esophageal mucosa from acid-related damage. Both topical and oral applications have RCT-level evidence.

Silver-zinc-allantoinate cream (AZAC 1%) was studied in a clinical series of 264 patients with 400 chronic cutaneous ulcers (venous, diabetic, and other etiologies); 339 of 400 lesions healed, including cases that had failed prior treatments. AZAC also exhibited broad antimicrobial activity, debrided necrotic tissue, and stimulated healthy granulation tissue.

Allspice aqueous suspension has been studied for gastric antiulcer and cytoprotective activity in laboratory animals by Al-Rehaily et al. (2002). Allspice extracts have also been shown in vitro to inhibit Helicobacter pylori, the primary causative organism of peptic ulcers, supporting a plausible mechanism.

Multiple RCTs and a systematic review/meta-analysis (9 trials, 847 participants) found aloe vera gel has better clinical efficacy for oral ulcers versus controls (RR 2.25, 95% CI 1.25–4.06) and significantly shorter healing time. It also shows benefit for pressure ulcers and chronic skin ulcers through anti-inflammatory and mucosal-protective mechanisms.

Multiple preclinical studies show A. galanga extracts reduce gastric ulceration indices and protect gastric mucosa. The total flavonoids fraction (galangin, kaempferol) suppresses NF-κB, COX-2, and IL-1β in gastric mucosal cells. One animal study reported greater potency than cimetidine and omeprazole.

Preclinical studies demonstrate significant gastroprotective and anti-ulcer activity of anise aqueous suspension against multiple chemically induced gastric ulcer models in rats. The ESCOP monograph references in vivo evidence of anti-ulcer properties. Human clinical data specific to ulcers remains lacking, but the preclinical scientific evidence is substantial.

Aronia melanocarpa hydro-alcoholic extract demonstrated significant gastroprotective effects against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in a rat model, at doses of 50–200 mg/kg. The mechanism involves downregulation of TNF-α-driven NF-κB and MCP-1 signaling, strong antioxidant activity, and participation of nitric oxide, opioids, and prostaglandin pathways.

Bananas—especially unripe varieties—are both a traditional remedy for peptic ulcers and supported by in vivo and in vitro evidence showing gastroprotective effects. Leucocyanidin from unripe banana significantly increases gastric mucosal thickness and promotes re-epithelialization in animal models. Green banana has long been traditionally used in South India and Sudan for peptic ulcer dietary management.

A 1999 preclinical study found that fixed oil of O. basilicum protected the stomach against ulcers triggered by aspirin, indomethacin, alcohol, histamine, reserpine, serotonin, and stress in animal models. The PMC review (2024) confirms antiulcer properties. Anti-inflammatory COX/LOX inhibition by basil's fixed oil provides a mechanistic basis.

Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid found in multiple plants, has demonstrated anti-H. pylori activity and antiulcer effects in preclinical studies. It inhibits H. pylori adhesion to gastric cells, modulates gut flora, and reduces gastric mucosal inflammation. Multiple authoritative sources identify berberine as a candidate for adjunctive H. pylori management relevant to peptic ulcer.

Piper betle leaf extract and its constituent allylpyrocatechol exhibit antiulcerogenic activity in rat models of chemically-induced gastric ulcers, protecting mucosal and submucosal layers. This is linked to the leaf's antioxidant activity and has been replicated across multiple rodent models.

Sodium bicarbonate has a documented but largely historical role as a symptomatic antacid for peptic ulcer pain, functioning by neutralizing gastric acid. Antacids including sodium bicarbonate can temporarily relieve ulcer-associated pain but do not treat the underlying cause and are not recommended for chronic ulcer management. Modern therapy relies on proton pump inhibitors and H. pylori eradication.

Bifidobacterium strains have demonstrated H. pylori inhibition and adjunctive benefit in peptic ulcer management when used with standard antibiotic therapy. EBSCO Research Starters and PMC reviews identify Bifidobacterium as among principal probiotic strains for ulcer-related H. pylori management. Multiple clinical trials report improved H. pylori eradication rates and reduced side effects.

N. sativa and TQ show gastroprotective effects in animal models, protecting gastric mucosa from ulcerative lesions. A clinical trial reported significant reduction in H. pylori positivity with N. sativa added to standard therapy. The PMC GI review documents gastroprotective and anti-ulcer evidence.

A. scholaris has documented antiulcer activity in preclinical models. A rodent study using ethanol-induced ulcer models in albino Wistar rats tested the ethanolic leaf extract at 50–200 mg/kg, measuring gastric juice volume, pH, total acidity, and ulcer index versus pantoprazole. Traditional use includes topical application of latex to ulcers and bark preparations for dyspepsia.

Pectic polysaccharides from B. falcatum roots, particularly bupleuran 2IIc, have demonstrated protective effects against experimentally induced gastric lesions in rodent models across multiple routes of administration. The anti-ulcer activity is attributed specifically to polysaccharide fractions rather than saikosaponins. Evidence is preclinical.

Burdock has demonstrated antiulcerogenic activity through its active constituent arctigenin, cited in a PubMed review of natural products for ulcerative colitis. MSKCC notes preclinical antiulcerogenic effects. Animal studies show gastroprotective properties. Human clinical evidence for ulcers specifically is limited to one open-label trial suggesting burdock tea reduced colonic diverticulitis recurrence.

Cabbage juice, rich in vitamin U (S-methylmethionine), has been used since the 1950s as a folk and naturopathic remedy for peptic ulcers. Early clinical studies reported accelerated ulcer healing with daily raw cabbage juice. The anti-ulcer mechanism is attributed to strengthening of the gastric mucosa and anti-H. pylori properties from vitamin C and phenolic compounds.

Fresh cabbage juice was investigated for peptic ulcer healing in human clinical studies as early as the 1940s–1950s. Cheney (1949, California Medicine, PMC) treated 13 peptic ulcer patients with fresh cabbage juice and reported dramatically shortened crater healing times versus historical controls. A follow-up double-blind trial at San Quentin Prison confirmed concentrated cabbage juice was effective in healing peptic ulcer craters. The active component was identified as 'vitamin U' (S-methylmethionine).

Antiulcer activity of C. crista seeds has been evaluated in pylorus ligation and indomethacin-induced gastric lesion models in albino rats. Traditional Ayurvedic use for ulcers and piles is also documented.

Capsaicin has demonstrated gastroprotective effects against chemical and H. pylori-induced gastric ulcers in human studies, and epidemiological data from Singapore found chili consumption inversely associated with peptic ulcer prevalence. The mechanism involves TRPV1-mediated prostaglandin synthesis and mucosal blood flow enhancement.

BCP has shown gastroprotective effects in rodent ulcer models by reducing oxidative stress, restoring antioxidant enzymes, and suppressing NF-κB-driven inflammation in gastric mucosa. It also shows antimicrobial activity against H. pylori in vitro.

Contrary to popular belief, capsaicin at low doses appears gastroprotective, stimulating mucus and alkali secretion and increasing mucosal blood flow. An RCT of 84 volunteers showed low-dose capsaicin protected the stomach lining against alcohol and indomethacin damage. However, one clinical study found no difference in duodenal ulcer healing with 3 g/day capsicum versus controls.

Multiple animal studies demonstrate that celery extract and seed extract protect gastric mucosa against ulceration by replenishing gastric wall mucus, reducing oxidative stress, and suppressing gastric acid secretion. One study showed anti-ulcer activity comparable to famotidine in rat models. No human clinical trials exist yet.

German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) has demonstrated antiulcer activity in animal models, reducing ulcer index in rodent studies with aqueous extracts. It is included in the evidence-based Iberogast multi-herb preparation (9 herbs), which has shown anti-ulcer effects including reduced acid production and increased mucin in clinical studies. Traditional European herbalism has long used chamomile for gastric inflammation.

Chen Pi polysaccharides have demonstrated gastroprotective effects against gastric ulcer in animal models, activating Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathways and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Essential oil fractions suppress gastric acid secretion. The evidence base is preclinical rather than human.

Animal studies demonstrate that chokeberry extract and juice protect against gastric ulcer formation induced by ethanol and NSAIDs (indomethacin), via NF-κB suppression, antioxidant effects, and prostaglandin-mediated mucosal protection. No human clinical trials for gastric ulcers have been conducted; evidence is entirely preclinical.

CQ is listed in Ayurveda for gastric ulcers and has well-characterized gastroprotective effects in multiple animal models. A PubMed-indexed study (2004) found that CQ methanolic extract at 500 mg/kg significantly increased gastric mucosal defensive factors—mucin, glycoproteins, and cell proliferation—with efficacy comparable to the reference drug sucralfate. No human RCTs have been conducted, but preclinical evidence is strong.

Eugenol demonstrates gastroprotective and anti-ulcer activity in multiple animal models at low doses, increasing gastric mucus, improving mucosal histology, and inhibiting H. pylori. A ScienceDirect study established a dose-dependent dual role: healing at low doses, worsening at high doses.

Bovine colostrum has been shown to reduce NSAID-induced intestinal permeability and gut damage in clinical studies. EBSCO Research Starters lists colostrum as a proposed natural treatment for gastritis and ulcers. Growth factors in colostrum (EGF, IGF-1, TGF-β) promote mucosal repair and may reduce ulcer formation associated with NSAID use.

Commiphora myrrh demonstrates anti-ulcer activity in animal gastric ulcer models and has been used traditionally for stomach and mouth ulcers. The EMA/HMPC and ESCOP monographs document traditional topical use for oral ulcers; animal data supports gastric mucosal protection.

Coptis chinensis (goldthread root, huang lian) is a major berberine-containing plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine specifically for gastric and duodenal ulcers. Animal studies show its alkaloids, particularly berberine, reduce gastric ulcer index, inhibit H. pylori, and reduce gastric inflammation. It is a classic TCM anti-ulcer herb with substantial preclinical support.

Cranberry's proanthocyanidins and phenolic compounds inhibit H. pylori adhesion to the stomach lining, relevant to H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer. EBSCO Research Starters lists cranberry as a proposed natural treatment for ulcers. A systematic review found cranberry may help reduce H. pylori adherence to the gastric wall.

Cucumber seed extract has demonstrated antiulcer activity in animal models. The Cucumis sativus genus review (ScienceDirect 2026) lists antiulcer properties among pharmacological activities. An in-vitro study also assessed combined antioxidant and antiulcer potential of C. sativus seed extract.

Curcumin is the principal active constituent of turmeric with documented anti-H. pylori, anti-inflammatory, and gastric mucosal-protective effects. An RCT found curcumin adjunct therapy improved dyspepsia in peptic ulcer patients. Animal studies consistently show reduced gastric ulcer index. Early uncontrolled clinical data showed 76% ulcer healing at 12 weeks with high-dose curcumin.

Preclinical studies show damiana has anti-ulcer activity, attributed to arbutin's inhibition of lipid peroxidation, immunomodulation, and antioxidant effects. Traditional use for gastric ulcers is documented in Brazil and elsewhere. MSKCC acknowledges this anti-ulcer evidence. No human studies exist.

Dioscorea batatas (Chinese yam) extracts demonstrate gastroprotective effects against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in mouse models, reducing oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammation. Crude Dioscorea rhizoma extract also showed antioxidant protection in gastric ulcer rat studies. No human ulcer trials exist.

Methanolic and aqueous aerial part extracts of E. littorale showed dose-dependent antiulcer activity in aspirin-, ethanol-, and pyloric ligation-induced ulcer rat models. The extract reduced ulcer index, total acidity, free acidity, and volume of gastric secretion while elevating gastric pH. Traditional Siddha medicine also uses the plant specifically for abdominal ulcers.

Fenugreek seed mucilage has demonstrated gastroprotective effects in animal models, reducing ulcer index in ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. It is among ten herbs reviewed by Bentham Science for peptic ulcer management. Traditional Ayurvedic and Middle Eastern medicine used fenugreek extensively for gastric complaints.

Animal studies demonstrate that asafoetida combined with fenugreek exhibits significant gastric protection in ethanol-induced ulcer rat models. A Ferula plant extract study in rats (PMC12311313) showed reduced ulcerative area and suppressed TNF-α and p53 with treatment. Traditional use for ulcers is documented in Afghanistan and Indian medicine.

Antiulcer activity is among the pharmacologically documented properties of Fritillaria thunbergii. The MDPI systematic review and multiple secondary reviews identify antiulcer effects as one of thirteen pharmacological actions attributable to FTB alkaloids. Evidence is preclinical.

Gamma oryzanol has demonstrated antiulcerative activity in both animal pharmacology studies and Japanese clinical practice. It inhibits stress-induced and ethanol-induced gastric ulcers through antioxidant and gastroprotective mechanisms. Japanese clinical papers from the 1970s document use in gastric and duodenal ulcers.

Gardenia jasminoides extract has been shown in preclinical studies to protect against NSAID-induced gastric ulcers by increasing mucosal protective factors (PGE2, MUC5AC) and suppressing iNOS and NF-κB. Genipin inhibits gastric lesion formation, and the combination with H. pylori gastroprotection provides a multi-mechanism anti-ulcer profile.

Gardenia jasminoides fruit extract (GJE) protected against NSAID-induced gastric ulcers in rats by restoring the cytoprotective factors PGE2 and MUC5AC and suppressing iNOS and NF-κB. Geniposide also protects gastric mucosa and is formally listed among geniposide's therapeutic activities. Evidence is from animal models.

Garlic and its organosulfur compounds (allicin, S-allylcysteine, diallyl sulfide) have demonstrated in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against H. pylori. EBSCO Research Starters and NCCIH-referenced sources list garlic as a proposed natural treatment for ulcers/gastritis. Clinical trial data on H. pylori eradication with garlic alone is limited but supportive of adjunctive benefit.

Garlic shows antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori, the primary causative pathogen of peptic ulcers, in vitro and in small human trials. A clinical trial found two medium cloves of garlic twice daily significantly reduced urease breath test scores (indicating H. pylori load). However, RxList notes garlic does not appear to eradicate H. pylori infection when tested clinically in humans.

A 2024 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial found that 2000 mg/day ginger supplementation after standard peptic ulcer therapy significantly reduced ulcer count (p=0.01) and dyspepsia scores versus placebo. Preclinical evidence consistently shows gastroprotective effects through increasing mucus secretion, antioxidant activity, and H. pylori inhibition.

Goldenseal contains berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid with documented anti-H. pylori and mucosal anti-inflammatory activity. Berberine inhibits H. pylori adhesion to gastric cells and is found in goldenseal, barberry, and Oregon grape. Traditional North American and Ayurvedic medicine uses goldenseal for gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions.

Gotu Kola has clinical and preclinical evidence for both gastric ulcer protection and chronic skin/diabetic ulcer healing. Oral extract improved wound healing in diabetic foot ulcer patients in an RCT. Internally, C. asiatica reduces gastric mucosal damage and H. pylori-related inflammation. Traditional use spans both gastrointestinal and topical ulcer applications.

In a preclinical study, all tested S. scardica extracts showed dose-dependent gastroprotective activity in an ethanol-induced acute stress ulcer rat model, with efficacy comparable to ranitidine. Traditional use as anti-ulcerative is also well-documented. The EMA formally recognizes traditional use for mild gastrointestinal discomfort. Evidence in humans remains indirect.

Green tea catechins, particularly EGCG, have demonstrated anti-H. pylori activity and gastroprotective effects in animal models. EGCG inhibits H. pylori growth and adhesion, and green tea with manuka honey is listed among proposed natural treatments for gastritis/ulcer by EBSCO. Epidemiological data suggests regular green tea consumption is associated with reduced gastric ulcer risk.

Ulcer-protective activity of H. spicatum rhizome extracts has been demonstrated in a PMC-indexed preclinical study, where guinea pigs treated with aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed gastric ulcer protection against histamine-induced gastric ulcer compared with controls. This study is indexed on PubMed (PMID: 23284217).

Honey, particularly manuka honey, has demonstrated anti-H. pylori, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of gastric ulcer. A rat study (acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcer) found manuka honey significantly reduced ulcer index, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and oxidative stress markers. Clinical use for wound/skin ulcers is supported by RCT evidence.

A 2011 in vivo study demonstrated that M. vulgare methanol extract and isolated marrubiin exhibit gastroprotective and antiulcer activity in rodent models, reducing acid secretion and stimulating protective mucus. Evidence is preclinical only; no human clinical trials for gastric or peptic ulcers have been conducted.

A rodent study demonstrated gastroprotective activity of H. officinalis ethanolic leaf extract in an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model. The extract significantly reduced ulcer index, strengthened the gastric mucus barrier, and improved antioxidant markers (SOD, GSH, catalase), with effects comparable to ranitidine.

Bael fruit extracts have been studied in multiple animal models of gastric ulceration — including H. pylori LPS-induced, aspirin-induced, and ethanol-induced models — demonstrating significant reduction in ulcer index, gastric acidity, and mucosal damage. The mechanism involves serotonin-mediated cytoprotection and antioxidant enzyme restoration. Traditional use for peptic ulcers is well-documented in Ayurveda.

Anti-ulcerogenic activity of H. indicus is among its pharmacologically validated properties, with published preclinical studies in rats demonstrating gastric ulcer protection and reduction in ulcer index. A Journal of Ethnopharmacology study specifically investigated its anti-ulcerogenic potential.

Jujube fruit extract demonstrated gastroprotective activity against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats, significantly reducing TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, and caspase-3 expression, and preventing formation of ulcerative foci in histopathology. Traditional use across multiple cultures cites jujube for gastric ulcer and GI mucosal protection.

Zinc L-carnosine was originally developed in Japan as a prescription drug for gastric ulcer treatment and is supported by multiple clinical trials. It adheres to ulcerated mucosa, promotes epithelial regeneration, and reduces ulcer-associated inflammation. Evidence includes double-blind dose-finding studies and multicenter RCTs.

L-glutamine is the primary fuel source for enterocytes and plays a key role in maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity. It has been studied for gastric ulcer protection and GI mucosal repair. EBSCO Research Starters list glutamine as a proposed natural treatment for gastritis and ulcer-adjacent conditions. Animal and clinical data support its role in preserving mucosal barrier function.

Lactobacillus acidophilus is among the principal probiotic strains studied for H. pylori inhibition and adjunctive peptic ulcer management. EBSCO Research Starters lists probiotics (including Lactobacillus family members) as the principal proposed natural treatment for ulcers. A network meta-analysis found L. acidophilus achieves best effect in reducing histopathological injury scores in colitis models.

L. bulgaricus has in vitro evidence of inhibiting H. pylori growth via organic acid production, relevant to H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease. The AB-yogurt RCT in H. pylori-colonized subjects showed reduction in gastritis activity (a precursor of ulcer disease). The WGO acknowledges Lactobacillus strains as adjuncts in H. pylori eradication therapy that reduces ulcerogenic risk.

L. casei Shirota inhibits Helicobacter pylori—the primary cause of gastric and duodenal ulcers—in both in vitro assays and in vivo mouse models, including activity against nine clinical H. pylori isolates. In vitro, viable L. casei cells showed direct anti-H. pylori activity and profound inhibition of urease activity. Evidence in humans is primarily indirect (as adjunct to H. pylori eradication therapy).

L. gasseri OLL2716 has been studied for H. pylori-associated gastric conditions including ulcers, given that H. pylori is the primary driver of peptic ulcers. Clinical research shows OLL2716 can suppress H. pylori colonization density and reduce associated gastric inflammation, and it has been detected in the gastric mucus layer after oral administration.

Lactobacillus reuteri, particularly strain DSM17648, has demonstrated significant adjunctive benefit in H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer management and in ulcerative colitis models. Multiple clinical studies show L. reuteri decreases H. pylori load and reduces GI inflammation. Life Extension and PMC reviews confirm its role as an integrative ulcer intervention.

Lactoferrin has been studied in peptic ulcer disease as an adjunct to H. pylori eradication—the main cause of peptic ulcers—with RCTs showing significantly improved eradication rates. It also shows direct protection of gastric mucosa from H. pylori-driven injury in animal models and clinical gastritis trials.

Licorice root, particularly deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL), has been studied in multiple clinical trials for gastric and duodenal ulcer healing. Mechanisms include inhibiting acid secretion, stimulating mucus production, and anti-H. pylori activity. A 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed clinical improvement in peptic ulcer symptoms with radiographic/endoscopic evidence of healing.

Limonene demonstrates strong gastroprotective activity against gastric ulcers in multiple animal models including ethanol-, NSAID-, and acetic acid-induced ulcers. At oral doses of 50–250 mg/kg in rodents, it reduced ulcer area by up to 99%, increased gastric mucus production, and supported mucosal healing via VEGF and COX-2-mediated cell proliferation. In vitro activity against H. pylori (MIC 75 µg/mL) is also documented.

Animal studies demonstrate gastroprotective effects of Lion's Mane aqueous extract against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats, showing reduced ulcer area, preserved gastric wall mucus, upregulated HSP70, and increased antioxidant enzymes. Traditional use for gastric and peptic ulcers is well-documented in East Asian medicine.

A PubMed-indexed study (2007) demonstrated significant anti-ulcer activity of A. vasica leaf powder in two rat ulcer models—ethanol-induced (80% activity) and pylorus-ligation+aspirin-induced. Unani medicine also prescribes it for gastric ulcers.

In multiple rat models of gastric ulceration, marjoram ethanol extract (250–500 mg/kg) significantly reduced ulcer incidence, basal gastric secretion, and acid output while replenishing gastric wall mucus. The antiulcerogenic activity was confirmed histopathologically.

Mastic resin from Pistacia lentiscus has documented antibacterial activity against H. pylori (reported in NEJM 1998) and antiulcer effects. A study of 38 peptic ulcer patients found 1 g/day mastic reduced symptoms by ~30% versus placebo; two-week data showed ulcer healing in 70% of the mastic group versus 22% in placebo. A 2023 review confirmed efficacy as a natural ulcer remedy.

Methionine methylsulfonium chloride (MMSC, vitamin U) has been studied for peptic and gastric ulcer therapy since the 1950s. It stimulates gastric mucin production, acts as a sulfhydryl antioxidant, and supports mucosal repair. Clinical use in duodenal and gastric ulcer remission has been reported, and animal studies demonstrate significant reduction in ethanol-induced mucosal injury area.

M. charantia fruits have documented traditional use for peptic ulcers in Turkish and other folk medicine systems, supported by preclinical rodent studies showing dose-dependent anti-ulcerogenic activity. Polypeptide-K isolated from seeds has shown gastroprotective effects. No human RCTs have been performed.

Mucin forms a critical component of the gastric mucus-bicarbonate barrier that protects the gastric and duodenal epithelium from acid-peptic damage. Animal studies using snail-derived mucin (Cornu aspersum) demonstrate direct gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects against NSAID-induced ulcers. Pharmacological enhancement of mucin production is a recognized mechanism of antiulcer drugs.

Myrrh has documented antiulcer and cytoprotective properties in the gastrointestinal tract, established in animal models. It has traditionally been used for mouth ulcers and gastric ulcers. Animal studies at 500 mg/kg show measurable gastric cytoprotection and support healing during gastric injury.

A published human clinical study (Bandyopadhyay et al., Life Sciences 2004) found that neem bark aqueous extract at 30 mg twice daily for 10 days produced a 77% reduction in gastric acid secretion in patients with acid-related problems and gastroduodenal ulcers. Pepsin activity was inhibited by 50% and gastric secretion volume by 63%. This is one of the few neem conditions directly studied in human patients.

C. rotundus exhibits antiulcer and gastroprotective activity confirmed in multiple animal studies. In a Pak J Pharm Sci (2014) study, crude extract at 500 mg/kg showed 41.2% inhibition of gastric ulcers in rats. Cytoprotective and gastroprotective mechanisms have also been identified in vitro and in vivo.

Animal studies demonstrate significant gastroprotective and anti-ulcer effects of okra against ethanol- and aspirin-induced gastric mucosal lesions. A peer-reviewed in vivo study found okra (500 mg/kg) inhibited ulcer formation by 81%, comparable to famotidine (76%). Okra is also documented as a traditional remedy for ulcers in Turkish, Middle Eastern, and African medicine.

OA has demonstrated gastric and intestinal ulcer-healing properties in preclinical models, including promoting wound re-epithelialization and reducing ulceration. Use of OA as part of multi-component preparations in human wounds has also shown healing benefits.

Onion consumption may prevent gastric ulcers by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting growth of the ulcer-causing bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Quercetin from onion also shows anti-H. pylori activity in laboratory models and protects gastric mucosal cells from oxidative damage.

Rice bran extracts from Oryza sativa have demonstrated gastroprotective activity against gastric ulcers in multiple rodent models, significantly inhibiting ulcer formation. Gamma-oryzanol is identified as the key active compound, and it has been used clinically in Japan for gastric complaints.

P. foetida has demonstrated gastroprotective and antiulcer activity in multiple rat models, achieving 72–84% ulcer protection comparable to reference drugs. Mechanisms include Nrf2-mediated antioxidant effects, anti-secretory activity, and β-sitosterol content. Traditional use across Indian tribal communities for gastric complaints supports this application.

A published clinical RCT of topical 2% papain gel in venous ulcer patients (Rodrigues et al., PMC4547069; n=18, 28 ulcers, 12-week follow-up) found significant reduction in lesion area between weeks 5–12 with two complete healings. Papain is also used clinically for enzymatic debridement of chronic wounds and ulcers. Animal studies show reduced gastric ulcer size with papain treatment.

Animal studies referenced in the NIH/PMC systematic review indicate pears may protect against gastrointestinal ulcers. Pear extracts show anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective effects in preclinical models. This evidence, while not from human trials, is noted in a peer-reviewed systematic review as a genuine pharmacological finding.

Pepsin is a well-established co-factor in peptic ulcer disease alongside gastric acid. Studies demonstrate that the gastroduodenal mucosal barrier is damaged by pepsin under conditions where it is resistant to acid alone, and that pepsin type 1 activity in gastric juice is elevated four- to five-fold in peptic ulcer patients. The classic formulation 'no acid, no pepsin, no ulcer' reflects the scientific consensus that both agents are required for mucosal breakdown leading to ulceration.

A berberine-free fraction of P. amurense bark demonstrated significant anti-ulcer activity in rats, inhibiting ethanol-induced, aspirin-induced, and pylorus-ligated gastric ulcers as well as stress ulcers. A multicenter RCT (Liu et al., Med Sci Monit 2020) evaluated topical Cortex Phellodendri compound fluid for diabetic foot ulcers. P. amurense has documented TCM use for sores, ulcers, and toxic swellings.

A PMC-indexed mechanistic rodent study demonstrated P. kurroa methanol extract healed indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers by 45% (p<0.01) and restored mucosal prostaglandin E2 and EGF levels. Traditional use for gastric complaints is extensively documented.

The Pistacia genus broadly is documented to have anti-peptic ulcer properties, with P. integerrima specifically implicated via its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. The IntechOpen pharmacological review of Pistacia explicitly lists anti-peptic ulcers as a correlated activity alongside analgesic and hepatoprotective effects. Traditional use for oral ulcers and abdominal disorders is also documented.

Plantago major and P. ovata show antiulcerogenic activity. P. ovata aqueous extract has been shown to protect against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in animal models. P. major is documented in ethnobotany and laboratory studies for anti-H. pylori and mucosal-protective properties. Traditional use across multiple cultures supports this application.

Pectic polysaccharides from P. major have demonstrated antiulcerogenic effects in rat models. A randomized controlled clinical trial found P. major hydroalcoholic extract gel accelerated healing of diabetic foot ulcers and pressure ulcers in humans. P. major syrup reduced radiation-induced oral mucositis in an RCT. Traditional antiulcer use spans multiple global traditions.

Pomelo peel polysaccharides have been studied specifically for prevention of ulcerative colitis in mouse models, demonstrating reduced Disease Activity Index scores and modulation of colitis-associated microbiota. Pomelo leaf preparations are traditionally applied to skin ulcers and sores in Asian medicine. Pomelo's anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties provide a mechanistic basis for mucosal protection.

Bee propolis has demonstrated gastroprotective activity in rodent models of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers, reducing ulcer index and myeloperoxidase activity. Artepillin C and flavonoids (galangin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester) in propolis inhibit xanthine oxidase and reduce neutrophil infiltration in gastric mucosa. It is listed among proposed natural treatments for gastritis/ulcer in EBSCO Research Starters.

P. marsupium has demonstrated gastroprotective effects in preclinical models of diabetic and NIDDM-induced gastric ulceration. Traditional use of the gum for stomach ailments and ulcers is also documented.

Queen of the meadow has pre-clinical scientific evidence for anti-ulcer and gastroprotective activity in multiple animal studies published in peer-reviewed journals. Lyophilized flower infusions preserved gastric mucosal integrity in rats, and isolated flavonoids showed ulcer-preventive ability. The evidence base, though pre-clinical, meets the threshold of scientific (non-human) evidence.

Animal studies demonstrate that radish juice prevents gastric ulcer formation by protecting gastric tissue and strengthening the mucosal barrier. A rat study (Alqasoumi et al., 2008) specifically showed gastroprotective effects against experimental ulcer models. WebMD and Healthline both cite peer-reviewed evidence for this effect. No human ulcer trials have been conducted.

Rhubarb root has been studied for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and gastric ulcers. A meta-analysis of RCTs found that spraying rhubarb powder solution via gastroscope was beneficial in acute non-varicose upper GI bleeding. Network pharmacology and preclinical studies also indicate rhubarb compounds inhibit H. pylori and protect gastric mucosa.

Rosehip preparations have been documented to support healing of ulcers (cutaneous and gastric) and do not cause the ulcerative gastric side effects associated with NSAIDs—a clinically relevant distinction. A 2024 dermatological review lists increasing healing rate of ulcers among rosehip's applications. The galactolipid anti-inflammatory mechanism does not involve COX inhibition and thus is not ulcerogenic.

Animal studies consistently demonstrate RJ accelerates gastric mucosal ulcer healing and provides gastroprotection via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective mechanisms. One rat RCT found RJ comparable to omeprazole at higher doses. No human clinical trial has evaluated RJ for gastric ulcers as a primary endpoint.

S-Methylmethionine (vitamin U), found abundantly in cabbage juice, was historically used and studied in the 1950s–1970s as a specific antiulcer factor. Early clinical trials reported significantly faster healing of peptic and duodenal ulcers with vitamin U compared to placebo. It strengthens gastric mucosal integrity and promotes mucosal repair.

S. boulardii acts as an adjuvant to standard H. pylori eradication therapy—the primary driver of peptic ulcer disease—improving eradication rates and reducing therapy-associated side effects in multiple meta-analyses. It does not treat ulcers directly but demonstrably improves the success of the antibiotic regimens that heal them.

Rodent studies report that Z. bungeanum extracts, particularly hydroxy-α-sanshool, provide protection against experimental colitis and intestinal mucosal damage. HAS has been suggested as a potential beneficial agent for ulcerative colitis based on mouse models. No human trial evidence exists.

A. muricata leaf extracts show significant gastroprotective and antiulcer activity in multiple rodent models, reducing ulcer index scores and protecting gastric mucosa via ROS scavenging, prostaglandin synthesis activation, and Hsp70 upregulation. Antiulcer activity represents 17% of pharmacological activities documented in a major review of 49 studies.

Animal studies demonstrate antiulcerogenic and anti-gastric secretion activity of A. calamus extract. Traditional Ayurvedic and Unani systems reference its use in gastric complaints that overlap with ulcer presentation. No human RCT data on peptic ulcer are available.

Swertia chirayita has demonstrated gastroprotective activity against chemically-induced gastric ulcers in preclinical studies. Its anti-ulcer and gastroprotective properties are documented in peer-reviewed pharmacological literature. Traditional Ayurvedic use for ulcers is also widely recorded.

T. chebula has demonstrated antiulcer activity in animal models by inhibiting duodenal ulcer development and exerting a cytoprotective effect on gastric mucosa. Traditional Ayurvedic texts document its use for ulcers, and it is listed for ulcerated oral cavity. Animal experimental evidence supports gastric and duodenal protective effects.

T. cordifolia extracts significantly reduced gastric ulcer index, gastric volume, and total acidity in ethanol- and pylorus-ligation-induced ulcer models in rats. Antioxidant enzyme upregulation (catalase, GSH) provides protection against ROS-induced gastric mucosal damage. A polyherbal formulation containing T. cordifolia also demonstrated anti-ulcer activity.

Curcumin, turmeric's active compound, has anti-inflammatory and anti-H. pylori properties relevant to peptic ulcers. An uncontrolled clinical study (600 mg five times daily) showed ulcer healing in 48% of patients at 4 weeks and 76% at 12 weeks. An RCT found curcumin adjunct therapy improved dyspepsia symptoms in peptic ulcer patients, though it did not enhance H. pylori eradication.

A 2022 MDPI study demonstrated that vanillin protected against experimentally induced gastric ulcers in animals by inhibiting NF-κB signaling, reducing TNF-α and IL-1β, increasing anti-inflammatory IL-10, and maintaining gastric mucosal integrity. The study provides a preclinical mechanism for antiulcer activity. No human trials exist.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) has bacteriostatic activity against H. pylori and has been shown to improve antibiotic efficacy in H. pylori eradication regimens. A systematic review found vitamin C supplementation improved healing outcomes in pressure ulcers. EBSCO Research Starters lists vitamin C as a proposed natural treatment for peptic ulcers.

Gastric ulcer is listed as a traditional and pharmacopeial indication for X. strumarium in TCM, and preclinical gastro-protective studies provide partial mechanistic support. A study using LPS-stimulated macrophages and an HCl/ethanol-induced mouse gastritis model demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract. Evidence remains primarily preclinical.

Yarrow essential oil and extracts have demonstrated gastroprotective effects against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rat models via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation. The German Commission E lists spasmodic gastrointestinal ulcers among medical indications, and preclinical evidence of anti-ulcer activity is well-documented.

A 2024 study (ScienceDirect) investigated Yucca filamentosa extract in an ethanol-induced gastric injury rat model, finding dose-dependent gastroprotective effects mediated through the HMGB-1/RAGE/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Yucca's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are thought to protect the gastric mucosa. Evidence is preclinical only; no human ulcer RCT exists for yucca.

Gastroprotective and anti-ulcer effects of Zanthoxylum have been demonstrated in multiple animal models. Z. rhoifolium extract protected against ethanol-, HCl/ethanol-, indomethacin-, and stress-induced gastric lesions in mice/rats via mucus production, KATP channel activation, and nitric oxide mechanisms. Z. nitidum also showed gastric ulcer-protective effects.

Zinc, particularly as zinc-carnosine (polaprezinc), has demonstrated mucosal protective and antiulcer effects in clinical studies. It reduces inflammation, neutralizes free radicals, prevents intestinal cell death, and protects tight junctions between mucosal cells. Life Extension and EBSCO Research Starters list zinc among proposed natural treatments for ulcers.

Animal studies demonstrate agrimony extract reduces gastric ulcer area, increases mucus production, and restores antioxidant enzyme levels in ethanol-induced ulcer models. Historically, Dioscorides and Galen recorded agrimony for treating ulcers. The evidence remains preclinical (no human trials for peptic ulcer specifically).

Alfalfa has documented traditional use for peptic ulcers in Ayurvedic medicine and early American herbalism, cited in pharmacological monographs. MSKCC notes alfalfa is claimed effective for peptic ulcers. No clinical trials have investigated this use and scientific evidence is absent.

Alkanna root has a documented traditional use as an internal remedy for stomach and duodenal ulcers in European, Mediterranean, and South Asian folk medicine. It is described in homeopathic preparations for this purpose. The proposed mechanism involves tannin-mediated mucosal protection. No clinical trials support this use, and WebMD classifies the evidence as insufficient.

Amaranth is listed by WebMD and RxList as traditionally used for ulcers, including peptic and mouth ulcers. Traditional use for gastric ulcer management is documented in Sikkim (India) and Bangladesh. A. spinosus leaf juice is given for peptic ulcer in some folk traditions. No human clinical trials exist for this indication.

Ashitaba is listed in Japanese traditional medicine as a remedy for stomach ulcers, and is documented as such by WebMD and RxList. Its chalcones inhibit gastric H+/K+-ATPase (proton pump) in vitro, providing a plausible antiulcer mechanism. No controlled human trials for ulcers have been conducted.

A. racemosus has documented traditional and preclinical evidence for antiulcer activity, attributed primarily to saponins (shatavarins) that protect gastric mucosa. Ayurvedic texts document shatavari for stomach ulcers. In vitro and animal studies show protection against gastric ulceration. No human RCT evidence is available.

Bamboo node exudate (vanshlochan/tabasheer) is used in Indian traditional medicine (Siddha and Unani systems) for ulcers, as documented in ethnomedicinal records. TCM bamboo shavings formulas are used for stomach heat syndromes with gastric discomfort. No clinical trial evidence for bamboo in peptic ulcer treatment exists.

Barberry has traditional use in Persian and European medicine for gastric ulcers and gastrointestinal irritation, attributed to its antimicrobial properties against Helicobacter pylori and anti-inflammatory effects on gastric mucosa. Direct clinical trial evidence for barberry/berberine in peptic ulcer disease is lacking; this remains primarily a traditional use.

Bayberry wax was historically used as a remedy for dysentery and to treat ulcers in the digestive system. Powdered bark was applied topically as a stimulant to indolent (hard-to-heal) skin ulcers. A 2024 review of Myrica rubra notes potential for ulcer treatment. No clinical trial evidence in humans exists.

Anti-ulcer and anti-ulcerogenic activity is documented for T. bellirica in multiple pharmacological reviews. Traditional Ayurvedic and Unani texts describe its use for gastric ulcers. Literature documents inhibition of H. pylori, the primary ulcer-causing pathogen. The ScienceDirect comprehensive review (2020) specifically catalogs anti-ulcerogenic activity among established pharmacological properties.

Gastric ulcer treatment is a documented traditional use of butterbur, with a preclinical animal study showing ethanolic extracts blocked ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats. The mechanism is linked to leukotriene inhibition. No human clinical trials exist for this indication.

Calendula preparations have a documented traditional use for peptic and venous ulcers. Animal studies confirm gastroprotective activity comparable to ranitidine. Two clinical studies on venous ulcers showed decreased ulcer area. A herbal mixture including calendula was found effective for duodenal ulcers in clinical studies.

Cardamom has traditional use for peptic ulcer symptoms and has demonstrated anti-H. pylori activity in vitro (the bacterium responsible for most gastric ulcers). Animal studies suggest antiulcer effects. Human clinical trials specifically for peptic ulcer treatment are absent; the evidence is preclinical and traditional.

Cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa) bark has been used traditionally in South American (Peruvian) medicine for centuries to treat gastric ulcers, intestinal disorders, and inflammation. The Bora tribe and Ashaninca Indians used decoctions for gastric ulcers. Drugs.com notes this traditional use, though no controlled clinical trials specifically for peptic ulcer have been published.

Chickweed is used in herbal tradition for peptic and digestive ulcers, with its demulcent mucilage proposed to coat and protect ulcerated mucosa. Herbal Reality specifically includes peptic ulcers among its digestive indications. No clinical evidence exists.

Skin ulcers and sores are documented traditional indications for Danshen in classical TCM texts, alongside its use for 'removing toxic substances and promoting subsidence of swelling.' Topical and internal use for carbuncles, furuncles, and skin ulcers appears consistently in historical sources. Modern clinical evidence specific to ulcers is limited.

Oral chymotrypsin has a historically documented use for skin ulcers, particularly traumatic or vascular ulcers involving fibrinous deposits and necrotic tissue. Authoritative sources note this use but characterize the scientific evidence as insufficient. A PubMed-indexed study from 1983 evaluated trypsin in traumatic ulcers, providing some clinical-level basis.

Clematis has documented traditional use in European and North American folk medicine as a topical wet-dressing or poultice for purulent wounds and ulcers, including skin ulcers. Drugs.com and ScienceDirect pharmacological reviews record this use. No clinical studies evaluate it.

Comfrey has a documented traditional internal use for gastric and duodenal ulcers in multiple cultures, and allantoin's cell-proliferative properties are mechanistically plausible for mucosal repair. Brazilian folk medicine widely uses comfrey tea for gastric ulcers. RxList, drugs.com, and historical pharmaceutical sources all document this traditional internal use, though no clinical trials support it and oral comfrey is contraindicated due to hepatotoxicity.

Cumin has traditional use for dyspepsia and gastric complaints in multiple herbal systems, with some ethnopharmacological records mentioning its use for gastrointestinal ulcers. Laboratory data shows antimicrobial activity against H. pylori in some extracts of the Apiaceae family; specific human trials for cumin in peptic ulcer are absent.

Geranium (particularly G. robertianum) has documented traditional use for gastric ulcers, with animal model evidence supporting antiulcer activity via acid suppression, pepsin inhibition, and mucus enhancement. Human clinical evidence is absent.

TCM and Korean traditional medicine formally document G. littoralis for gastric ulcer. The PMC 2019 systematic review explicitly lists gastric ulcer as a traditional therapeutic application of Glehniae Radix. No dedicated preclinical or clinical ulcer studies for isolated G. littoralis were found.

Traditional Ayurvedic and Unani medicine document amla as a remedy for stomach ulcers. PMC literature specifically lists 'treating stomach ulcers' among its traditional applications. Mechanistic gastroprotective effects are plausible via mucosal coating and anti-inflammatory activity.

Green chiretta has traditional use in Ayurveda for gastric ulcer complaints, dyspepsia, and hyperacidity. Its bitter stomachic action and documented cytoprotective effects in the gastric mucosa in preclinical models underpin this use. No dedicated RCTs in peptic ulcer disease as a primary endpoint were identified.

Bark and leaves of H. antidysenterica are traditionally used topically and internally for boils and ulcers in Ayurvedic and ethnobotanical practice. A preclinical review notes that tannins and flavonoids promote angiogenesis and collagen formation relevant to ulcer healing. No clinical ulcer trials have been published.

Traditional Ayurvedic texts list Boswellia for mouth sores and ulcers. A clinical trial of olibanum orally disintegrating tablets for oral aphthous ulcers (randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled) has been identified in the literature, providing emerging clinical evidence for mucosal ulcer applications.

Acacia nilotica leaves and bark have traditional use for gastric and oral ulcers across multiple traditional systems. Preclinical pharmacological studies confirm gastroprotective and antiulcer activity. The PMC 2024 review identifies ulcer healing as among the most robust evidence for V. nilotica alongside wound healing.

T. cordifolia root extract has anti-ulcer activity noted in traditional use and some preclinical models. RxList identifies peptic ulcer disease as a documented traditional use. Preclinical studies with polyherbal formulations containing T. cordifolia have shown anti-ulcer and antioxidant activity. The root specifically is noted to possess anti-ulcer activity in traditional Ayurvedic texts.

Indigo leaves are used in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine for oral and gastric ulcers. Related Indigofera species show gastroprotective activity in animal models. Oral ulcers are specifically mentioned in both TCM and Ayurvedic texts, and the plant has well-documented antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.

A PubMed-indexed review (Molecules, 2022) listed stomach ulcer treatment as a traditional application of I. racemosa. In Ayurveda, the root paste is applied externally to foul ulcers and wounds, and the plant is noted as antifungal and antiseptic. Internal use for gastric ulcers is documented in ethnomedicinal records.

Lemongrass essential oil has demonstrated gastroprotective and gastric ulcer healing activity in animal models. EOCC reduced ethanol-induced ulcer area by over 50% at 10 mg/kg and accelerated healing of acetic-acid-induced chronic ulcers by 34%. C. citratus and its constituent geraniol inhibit H+/K+-ATPase activity. Traditional use for gastric disorders is well documented.

Magnolia bark extract has traditional documented use against Helicobacter pylori, the primary bacterium implicated in gastric ulcers, with in vitro antibacterial data. DrBicuspid.com (citing peer data) notes magnolia 'has proven effective against germs that cause ulcers.' Magnolol has been shown to alleviate colitis-associated mucosal damage in preclinical models. Human clinical trial data for ulcer endpoints is absent.

Traditional use of mangosteen pericarp for chronic ulcers is well-documented across Southeast Asian cultures, and this is among the oldest recorded medicinal applications of the plant. No human clinical trials have been conducted for gastric or chronic wound ulcers with mangosteen.

Marshmallow root (Althaea officinalis) contains mucilage that forms a protective coating on gastric mucosa, traditionally used in European and Middle Eastern medicine for gastrointestinal inflammation and ulcer relief. The German Commission E and ESCOP have approved its use for irritation of the gastric mucosa. Preclinical evidence supports mucoprotective and anti-inflammatory activity.

Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) is a traditional European herbal remedy for gastric ulcers and hyperacidity, recognized in British and German herbal medicine. It contains salicylates and tannins with anti-inflammatory and mucoprotective properties. German Commission E and ESCOP have approved it for dyspeptic complaints.

Traditional Polynesian and Asian use of M. citrifolia leaves for mouth ulcers and skin ulcers is documented across multiple ethnopharmacological reviews and a 2025 Medscape review. Monotropein from M. officinalis roots showed NF-κB-mediated gastroprotective effects in an intestinal colitis model, providing mechanistic support.

TC is traditionally used for chronic ulcers, oral ulcers, gastric ulcers, and ulcered mucosa across Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. Its anti-Helicobacter pylori activity and anti-ulcer pharmacology have been documented in preclinical studies.

Nopal cladodes and mucilage have longstanding traditional use for gastric ulcer protection in Mexican, sub-Saharan, and Mediterranean ethnomedicine. Molecular evidence suggests nopal mucilage monosaccharides interact with gastric mucosal membrane phospholipids to support healing of chronic gastric mucosal damage. Opuntia ficus-indica seed oil demonstrated gastroprotective and ulcer-healing activity in a rodent experimental model. No controlled human trials on ulcers have been identified.

Oregano has traditional use for gastric acidity and gastric ulcers, documented in Mediterranean and Chinese traditional medicine. Its antimicrobial activity against H. pylori — a major ulcer-causing pathogen — provides biological plausibility. A small pilot study documented oregano oil's efficacy against enteric parasites including H. pylori-related organisms, but robust clinical evidence for ulcer treatment is absent.

The Catawba tribe used Oregon grape specifically for peptic ulcers, and it appears in historical herbal records for stomach ulcer treatment. Berberine has documented antimicrobial activity relevant to H. pylori, the primary ulcer-causing pathogen, in in vitro studies. No clinical trials of Oregon grape for peptic ulcers have been published.

Unripe papaya latex and fruit have been used in traditional medicine across tropical regions to treat stomach ulcers. Animal studies show papaya latex reduces gastric acid secretion and ulcer size in rat models. Human clinical evidence specifically for peptic ulcers is lacking.

The Compendium of Materia Medica (Ming Dynasty, 1578 CE) records Platycodon root for oral ulcers. TCM texts also note use for dysentery, which involved intestinal ulceration. No modern clinical or preclinical studies specifically target gastric or oral ulcer healing with PG.

Pomegranate has been used in Ayurvedic medicine and other traditional systems for the treatment of gastric and peptic ulcers. High tannin content is attributed with mucosal-protective, astringent, and anti-H. pylori properties. Human RCT evidence specifically for ulcer treatment is absent.

Prickly ash has documented traditional use for ulcers — both gastrointestinal ulcers and external wound/leg ulcers — in multiple herbal traditions and in RxList. Healthline cites animal research suggesting prickly ash extracts may help gastric ulcers. Traditional bark preparations were used to treat 'sores and ulcers.' Caution: some sources note potential irritation of gastric mucosa.

Traditional medicine across multiple cultures uses prickly pear cladodes and fruit for gastric ulcers, with the demulcent mucilage proposed to protect mucosal membranes. Animal studies show gastroprotective effects, but there are no human clinical trials specifically for ulcer treatment.

Purslane has traditional use for gastric and oral ulcers across multiple cultures, and animal studies demonstrate antiulcerogenic activity in aspirin-induced gastric ulcer models. Flavonoids and mucilage provide gastroprotective mechanisms. A clinical trial showed purslane beneficial for oral lichen planus (an oral mucosal condition), providing partial clinical overlap with oral ulcerative disease.

Rose hip has documented traditional use for gastric and intestinal ulcers, with RxList specifically listing 'preventing stomach irritation and ulcers' among its traditional applications. Mucilaginous and astringent components may protect and coat the ulcerated mucosa, while the anti-inflammatory polyphenols may reduce ulcer-associated inflammation.

R. cordifolia is traditionally used externally for skin ulcers, and internally for bleeding ulcers in Ayurvedic and TCM contexts. Mollugin, a major constituent, has demonstrated gastroprotective and antiulcerative properties in pharmacological reviews. Ayurvedic texts describe application to ulcers and wounds, and the herb's astringent, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties underpin this use.

Sage is documented in folk medicine across multiple cultures for treatment of gastric and oral ulcers. Clinical evidence is available for oral aphthous ulcers specifically (sage gel RCT), while gastric ulcer use remains traditional. German Commission E and traditional European medicine lists sage for mucosal complaints.

Sarsaparilla has documented traditional use in the treatment of skin ulcers and gastrointestinal complaints, and the endotoxin-binding property of saponins provides a relevant mechanistic link to gut mucosal health. However, this use is primarily traditional; no clinical studies for peptic or gut ulcers have been conducted.

External application to ulcers is a historically documented use of Scrophularia root in both European and TCM traditions, spanning skin ulcers and mucosal ulcers. Ancient Chinese texts and medieval European herbalists describe poultices and washes for ulcers. S. ningpoensis is traditionally used for ulcerous stomatitis. No human clinical trials exist.

Sheep's sorrel has traditional uses for mouth/throat ulcers as well as gastrointestinal ulcers. The closely related Rumex acetosa has in vitro and animal evidence for gastric ulcer protection. No clinical studies on R. acetosella for ulcers have been conducted.

Slippery elm (Ulmus rubra) bark contains mucilage that forms a soothing gel coating the GI mucosa, traditionally used by Native Americans and the Eclectic physicians for stomach, bowel, and bladder inflammation. Modern herbalism and integrative medicine recommend it for peptic ulcer symptom relief. Scientific evidence is limited to preclinical and traditional/clinical review data.

Slippery elm has a long traditional use for gastric and duodenal ulcers. RxList and other references list stomach ulcer prevention among its traditional indications. The mucilage is proposed to form a protective barrier over ulcerated mucosa. No controlled clinical trials for gastric ulcer treatment have been published.

The use of snapdragon leaves and flowers as poultices applied to ulcers is one of the most consistently recorded traditional applications of this plant, appearing in Grieve's A Modern Herbal and multiple pharmacological reviews. The plant's antiphlogistic and resolvent properties were cited as the rationale. No clinical studies have been conducted.

Solomon's seal is used in traditional herbal medicine internally for stomach ulcers and externally for skin ulcers. Multiple historical sources including eclectic medical texts and folk herbal traditions document this application. The demulcent, astringent, and antimicrobial properties of the rhizome underpin the use.

Gastropathy is listed among traditional Ayurvedic indications for S. indicus, encompassing peptic ulcer-type conditions. The plant's anti-inflammatory and possible cytoprotective properties are mechanistically relevant.

Gastric ulceration, including hemorrhagic ulcers, is one of the most prominent indications for Ornithogalum umbellatum in classical homeopathic Materia Medica. Boericke explicitly lists 'gastric ulceration even with haemorrhage' as a keynote, alongside vomiting of coffee-ground material and pain increased when food passes the pyloric outlet. This is a traditional homeopathic indication without clinical trial evidence.

T. dioica is listed in Ayurveda as an antiulcer herb and is included in polyherbal antiulcer preparations that have been clinically investigated in small case series. A polyherbal formulation containing T. dioica (Patoladi kasaya) showed improvement in peptic ulcer symptoms in a 10-patient case study. Evidence remains at a very preliminary level.

Triphala is documented in Ayurvedic literature for chronic ulcers (internal and external), with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties mechanistically relevant to peptic ulcer management. Animal models suggest gastroprotective effects. Human clinical trial evidence specific to peptic or gastric ulcers is absent.

Antiulcer activity is attributed to Tylophora indica in pharmacological review literature, based on the plant's phytochemical constituents including alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids. The plant is listed in multiple phytopharmacological reviews as possessing antiulcer properties. No published human clinical trial has specifically evaluated Tylophora for gastric or peptic ulcers.

Wheatgrass is documented in naturopathic traditions for treating peptic ulcers and is part of the historical Ann Wigmore protocol for gastrointestinal healing. The clinical RCT in ulcerative colitis (mucosal inflammation and bleeding) provides indirect supporting evidence for mucosal protective properties.

Native Americans used Yellow Root tea specifically for stomach ulcers and mouth ulcers, making this one of the herb's most historically documented indications. Berberine has in vitro activity against H. pylori and demonstrates mucosal protective effects preclinically. No clinical trials on Yellow Root for ulcers have been conducted.