Cissus quadrangularis
Synopsis
Cissus quadrangularis is a perennial succulent vine belonging to the grape family (Vitaceae), native to parts of Africa and Asia, particularly India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Sometimes called “Hadjod” in Ayurvedic medicine or “veld grape” in African herbalism, the plant is recognized for its thick, angular stems and traditional use in bone healing, joint support, and inflammation reduction.
The stems of Cissus quadrangularis are rich in flavonoids (like quercetin and kaempferol), triterpenoids, ketosteroids, and vitamin C, which contribute to its therapeutic effects. It has been studied for its ability to enhance bone regeneration, reduce pain and swelling, support weight loss, and improve metabolic health. Its bone-supportive properties are particularly well documented—it promotes osteoblast (bone-forming cell) activity and inhibits osteoclasts (bone-resorbing cells), potentially accelerating the healing of fractures and improving bone mineral density.
In modern research, Cissus quadrangularis has also shown promise in managing metabolic syndrome—including weight loss, improved lipid profiles, and blood sugar regulation. It may reduce appetite, inhibit the digestion of carbohydrates, and promote fat metabolism, making it a popular ingredient in natural weight management supplements.
In addition to musculoskeletal and metabolic effects, it possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and gastroprotective actions. Some studies have also explored its potential benefits in ulcer management, joint disorders like osteoarthritis, and athletic recovery due to its anabolic and tissue-repairing qualities.
Historical Use:
Cissus quadrangularis has a long-standing role in Ayurvedic medicine, where it is known as Hadjod, which literally means “bone joiner.” It has been traditionally used to speed the healing of fractures, support ligament and tendon repair, and strengthen joints and muscles. Ayurvedic texts such as the Sushruta Samhita and Charaka Samhita describe its use for trauma recovery, broken bones, and bone-degenerative conditions. It was often prepared as a fresh stem juice or dried powder mixed with ghee, milk, or herbal pastes.
In Siddha and Unani medicine, Cissus has also been employed to treat hemorrhoids, ulcers, asthma, back pain, and irregular menstruation, reflecting its wide-reaching therapeutic profile. Its application was not limited to internal use; the stem paste was sometimes applied externally on fractures and wounds to aid local healing.
In African folk medicine, particularly in South Africa and Nigeria, the plant is used for pain relief, inflammation, and bone disorders, echoing its Ayurvedic uses. As global interest in ethnobotany and natural sports medicine grows, Cissus quadrangularis has been integrated into modern nutraceutical formulations aimed at joint health, post-exercise recovery, and bone support.
Today, Cissus quadrangularis is regarded as a valuable herb in sports nutrition, orthopedics, and metabolic health, bridging traditional medicine and modern science with a strong reputation for restoring structure and reducing inflammation.
Body Systems
Structural System (Traditional)
Immune System (Traditional)
Joints (Traditional)
Skeletal System (Bones) (Traditional)