Jaboticaba

Other Names

Brazilian Grape TreeBrazilian GrapetreeEugenia caulifloraEugenia guapuriumEugenia jaboticabaGraudaGuaperuGuapurium peruvianumGuapuruHivapuruIba-PurúIbapumiJaboticaba de CabinhoJaboticaba de São PauloJaboticaba do MatoJaboticabeiraJabuticabaJabuticaba-açuJabuticaba-de-sabaráJabuticaba-murtaJabuticaba-paulistaJabuticabeiraJabuticabeira-pretaJabuticabeira-rajadaJabuticabeira-roseaJia bao guoMyrcia jaboticabaMyrciaria caulifloraMyrciaria guapuriumMyrciaria jaboticabaMyrciaria peruvianaMyrciaria truncifloraMyrtus caulifloraMyrtus jaboticabaPlinia caulifloraPlinia jaboticabaPlinia peruvianaSabaraTaanumoxYabuticabaYbapuruYvapurũ

Synopsis

Jaboticaba (Plinia cauliflora / Myrciaria cauliflora): A Comprehensive Reference

1. Identity, Taxonomy, and Botanical Characteristics

Jaboticaba (also spelled jabuticaba) is a fruit-bearing tree whose accepted current botanical name is Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, belonging to the family Myrtaceae. It belongs to the genus Plinia (formerly Myrciaria), with several species commonly cultivated including Plinia cauliflora, Plinia jaboticaba, and Plinia trunciflora. Among native plant species of importance in Brazil, the jabuticabeira (Myrciaria sp.) is a fruit tree belonging to the Myrtaceae family; the synonym identification varies between Eugenia cauliflora Miq., Eugenia cauliflora DC., and Myrciaria trunciflora Berg, among others. In the modern literature, Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg and Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) O. Berg remain widely used synonyms encountered across research publications; precise species can vary by study source.

This evergreen tree is a close relative of guava and is native to Brazil, with the name "jabuticaba" (also spelled jaboticaba) derived from the indigenous Tupi word meaning "like turtle fat," referring to the fruit's pulp texture. More specifically, the Tupi word "jabotim or jabuti" roughly means "turtle," and "caba" means "fat or place." This descriptor was given to the fruits, as local lore in Brazil states that turtles were frequently seen around the trees eating the fruits off the trunk and ground.

The tree displays a striking botanical phenomenon known as cauliflory — it bears fruit directly on the trunk and main branches rather than on the tips of branches. The tree produces white flowers with numerous stamens typical of the Myrtaceae family, and botanically, the fruits are berries containing one to four large seeds surrounded by sweet, translucent pulp within a thick purple-black skin. Myrciaria cauliflora (jabuticaba) is a Brazilian native species of the Atlantic forest region that produces fruits enriched with outstanding antioxidant content, such as anthocyanins, polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids.

Common Preparations and Supplement Forms

Jaboticaba fruits are consumed in the forms of juices, jams, liqueurs, distillates, wine, and ice cream, as an alternative to prevent post-harvesting losses. Stability and changes in quality during storage are important because the fruit spoils easily, leading to rapid changes in appearance arising from loss of water, physiological and microbiological deterioration, and pulp fermentation. In supplement research, the most common forms studied include:

Freeze-dried peel powder — the most widely employed form in clinical trials, concentrating polyphenols from the peel.
Peel and seed powder (JPSP) — whole residue preparations used in preclinical research.
Berry juice — fresh-pressed or standardised juice used in several randomised controlled trials.
Colorant, antioxidant, antimicrobial and polyphenol source preparations applied in food technology.

2. Traditional and Historical Use

The first descriptions in the scientific literature are dated since colonial times, more precisely in the seventeenth century. Back then, the fruit was already described as considerably tall, capable of bearing large amounts of fruits of sweet juice, and occurring within the southeast region of Brazil. The tree's history is associated with the influence of colonizers in the country, but most importantly with the indigenous people and the old Tupi language. Starting in the nineteenth century, more reliable and scientific investigations were able to define jaboticaba's botanical characteristics, geographical occurrence, and harvest seasons.

Jabuticaba has been cultivated and consumed in Brazil for centuries, with indigenous peoples utilizing the fruit long before European colonization. The tree is deeply embedded in Brazilian culture and cuisine, traditionally grown in home gardens throughout southern Brazil, particularly in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Rio.

In traditional Brazilian folk medicine, indigenous and rural communities have long utilized jabuticaba's fruits, bark, and leaves to address ailments such as asthma, diarrhea, inflammation, and gastrointestinal issues, attributing these applications to observed empirical relief rather than modern pharmacological validation. Jaboticaba is very popular in Brazil and has been used as folk medicine for a long time. Traditionally, an astringent decoction of its sun-dried peel has been used as the treatment for diarrhea, as well as respiratory problems such as hemoptysis, asthma, and chronic inflammation of the tonsils. Its bark is commonly used against diarrhea and other disorders based on its astringency; the bark and leaves are also used to treat diarrhea by local people.

Its fruits are traditionally fermented to produce wines and liquors, while the skin has been used for its medicinal properties. In the city of Sabará, in the state of Minas Gerais, Jabuticaba is celebrated annually in a festival.

3. Key Constituents and Active Compounds

The bioactive chemistry of jaboticaba is concentrated primarily in the fruit peel and seeds, with the pulp containing comparatively fewer phenolic compounds. Myrciaria cauliflora is a plant native to Brazil whose fruits are of pleasant taste, dark color, and represent a rich source of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, and phenolic acids.

Anthocyanins

Anthocyanins, ellagitannins and gallotannins, ellagic acid and derivatives, and flavonols were found in jaboticaba. Anthocyanins were the phenolics found in higher concentrations. The most frequent compounds reported were anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin-3-glucoside), quercetin-derived flavonoids (rutin and myricetin), and phenolic acids (ellagic, gallic, and ferulic acids), which exhibit synergistic effects with conventional UV filters. The peel contains a complex phytochemical profile, primarily composed of cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, ellagitannins (such as vescalagin and castalagin), and gallic acid derivatives, which contribute to its high antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory activity.

Ellagitannins and Gallotannins

Ellagitannins were the main contributors to the total antioxidant capacity. Jaboticaba seed extract was shown to be a rich source of phenolic compounds (53.94 g/100 g), in which castalagin, vescalagin, procyanidin A2, and ellagic acid were the main phenolic compounds, representing 39% of the total phenolic composition.

Flavonols and Phenolic Acids

Seventeen flavonols derived from quercetin were identified based on fragment ion signals, and three myricetin derivatives were found. Eleven methyl ellagic acid and eighteen ellagic acid derivatives were also detected. Among identified compounds in leaf extracts, a total of nine different compounds were found in free and bound phenolic extractions: 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic, vanillin, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapinic, rutin, epicatechin, trans-caffeic, and myricetin.

Novel Depside Compounds

Crude methanolic extracts of the jaboticaba have strong antiradical activity. A new depside, jaboticabin (Compound 1), was isolated from the crude methanolic extracts of jaboticaba. In addition, the related depside 2-O-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenylacetic acid, delphinidin 3-glucoside, pyranocyanin B, quercetin, isoquercitrin, quercimeritrin, quercitrin, rutin, myricitrin, cinnamic acid, O-coumaric acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, methyl protocatechuate, and ellagic acid were identified in this species for the first time.

Nutritional Compounds

The pulp is rich in acids, sugars, vitamins, dietary fiber, minerals, and polyphenols. Jaboticaba, particularly its peel, is abundant in anthocyanins (e.g., cyanidin-3-O-glucoside), proanthocyanidins, ellagitannins, and dietary fiber. These bioactive compounds are highly concentrated in the peel, making it the most studied fraction.

Established Mechanisms of Action

Jaboticaba polyphenols, mainly anthocyanins and ellagitannins, are extensively metabolized, and their metabolites are probably the most important contributors to the relevant health effects associated with the fruit, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and hypolipidemic effects.

The mechanistic pathways through which jaboticaba exerts its protective effects include the modulation of proinflammatory cytokines, inhibition of oxidative stress, and enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defenses. More specifically:

NF-κB pathway inhibition: Freeze-dried jaboticaba peel significantly reduced the colonic levels of proinflammatory markers interleukin-1beta and cyclooxygenase-2, and demonstrated a probability to decrease the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa B.
Hepatic lipogenesis gene modulation: In a dose-dependent manner, jaboticaba peel and seed powder consumption ameliorated the expression of hepatic lipogenesis genes (AMPK, SREBP-1, HGMCoA, and ABCG8).
Vascular endothelium: Jaboticaba extract induced hypotension associated with an increased aortic vascular conductance without promoting changes in heart rate. The extract also evoked relaxation in isolated arteries with functional endothelium, revealing a significant dependence of the endothelial cells on vascular effects of the extract.
Free radical scavenging: Jabuticaba, which is naturally rich in bioactive phenolic compounds with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, not only minimizes nitric oxide and free radical production but also provides exogenous antioxidant support capable of neutralizing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species directly.
Gut microbiome modulation: The fruit, or substances therein, has also been shown to enhance the immune system and gut microbiome.

4. Scientific Evidence by Area of Use

4.1 Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress

Some studies showed a high antioxidant capacity of jaboticaba due to the presence of several phenolic compounds in the fruit peels. In vitro, extracts obtained from jabuticaba seeds show remarkable antioxidant power against different reactive oxygen species. Extracts prevented lipid peroxidation induced by Fe²⁺ in phospholipids, and jabuticaba seed extracts prevented AAPH-induced oxidative damage.

Human evidence: In a single-blind placebo-controlled crossover pilot study, anthocyanins, ellagitannins and gallotannins, ellagic acid and derivatives, and flavonols were found in jaboticaba, with anthocyanins found in higher concentrations and ellagitannins as the main contributors to total antioxidant capacity. The effect of jaboticaba peel intake on antioxidant and glucose parameters in a single-blind placebo-controlled crossover study was investigated. The serum antioxidant capacity was significantly higher when the subjects had consumed the test meal containing jaboticaba. Jaboticaba intake increased serum antioxidant status, and jaboticaba intake showed improvement on blood glucose and insulin response.

Evidence strength: The antioxidant effects are well-established in vitro and ex vivo. A small number of pilot clinical studies show increases in serum antioxidant status in humans, but these are limited by small sample sizes and single-blind designs.

4.2 Glucose Metabolism and Metabolic Syndrome

Preclinical evidence: The consumption of a high-fat diet can cause metabolic syndrome and induce gut microbial dysbiosis. Researchers evaluated the effect of polyphenol-rich jaboticaba peel and seed powder (JPSP) on gut microbial community composition and liver health in a mouse model of NAFLD. Three-month-old C57BL/6J male mice received either a control or high-fat diet for nine weeks; the HF mice were supplemented with JPSP at 5%, 10%, and 15%. In addition to attenuating weight gain, JPSP consumption improved dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.

Human evidence (GLP-1 and acute glucose): Jabuticaba is a Brazilian berry rich in polyphenols that may exert beneficial effects on metabolic diseases. A randomized crossover study examined the effects of jabuticaba juice (250 ml per portion) on postprandial response in sixteen healthy subjects. Compared to the placebo, the intake of jabuticaba juice resulted in a higher GLP-1 response as the area under the curve (AUC) and peaking at 60 min. Jabuticaba juice also resulted in higher antioxidant capacity. Postprandial glucose, insulin, C-peptide levels, and appetite sensations were not significantly different between tests.

Human evidence (metabolic syndrome trial): A study aimed to assess the impact of jaboticaba peel powder supplementation on glucose metabolism compared with a placebo in individuals with metabolic syndrome. A single-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 49 individuals with MetS was conducted. Participants were assigned to receive either a JP supplement (15 g/day) or a matched placebo. Anthropometry measurements, body composition, blood pressure, metabolic and inflammatory parameters, and a mixed-meal tolerance test were assessed at weeks 0 and 5. The study showed that inflammation and blood sugar levels improved in volunteers with obesity and metabolic syndrome who took 15 g per day of powdered jaboticaba peel as a dietary supplement for five weeks.

Non-clinical studies have shown the potential of jaboticaba to alleviate insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, and obesity-related cognitive decline, although clinical evidence remains limited.

Evidence strength: Moderate for acute postprandial GLP-1 improvement; promising signals for glucose and inflammation in metabolic syndrome from one RCT (n=49). Preclinical data are consistent but human replication in larger trials is lacking.

4.3 Cardiovascular Health and Vascular Function

Preclinical (animal) evidence: A study in rats showed that jaboticaba extract induced hypotension associated with an increased aortic vascular conductance without promoting changes in heart rate. The extract also evoked relaxation in isolated arteries with functional endothelium, revealing a significant dependence of endothelial cells on vascular effects of the extract in the tested concentrations.

Human evidence (vascular function and exercise): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial enrolled 24 healthy participants consuming 250 mL per day of jaboticaba berry juice (containing approximately 1,300 mg of total polyphenols) or placebo for 6 days. Findings revealed significant decreases in blood GSH (P < 0.001), FMD (P = 0.005), reperfusion slope of StO₂ (P = 0.018) at 24 h and blood flow (P = 0.012) at 48 h following eccentric exercise in the control group as compared to the jaboticaba berry juice group. Results demonstrated that jaboticaba berry juice prevented the exercise-induced increase in reactive oxygen species production and protected macro- and microvascular functions against the damage caused by eccentric exercise.

Evidence strength: Preliminary in humans; the vascular protection data come from small exercise-model trials. Hypolipidemic and blood pressure effects are established in animal models only.

4.4 Anti-inflammatory Effects

Jaboticaba (Plinia cauliflora), a Brazilian native fruit rich in bioactive compounds, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. A pilot study evaluated the effects of jaboticaba peel supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and uremic toxins among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis. A randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted with 27 patients (55.0 [19.5] years, BMI 24.3 [3.8] kg/m²) on regular HD. Participants were allocated to receive the jaboticaba peel formulation (3.3 g/day, equivalent to approximately 667 mg of phenolic compounds) for 3 weeks or to routine treatment (control).

In a preclinical model, dietary supplementation with freeze-dried jaboticaba peel powder in high-fat-fed mice also reduced hepatic levels of IL-1β and IL-6, as well as phosphorylated IκB-α, indicating inhibition of NF-κB pathway activation.

Evidence strength: Preclinical anti-inflammatory evidence (NF-κB pathway, cytokine reduction) is consistent across multiple animal studies. The human CKD/hemodialysis trial is a small pilot (n=27). Further adequately powered clinical trials are needed.

4.5 Exercise Recovery and Muscle Damage

Human RCT evidence: This study aimed to examine the effect of jaboticaba berry juice (JBT) intake on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Twenty-four trained participants were randomly allocated to consume 250 mL of JBT (containing approximately 1,300 mg of total polyphenols) or a fruit-flavored placebo drink for 7 days. On day 4, participants performed 6 × 10 maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors. Plasma-reduced glutathione (GSH), myoglobin (Mb), muscle soreness (DOMS), maximal isokinetic voluntary contraction (MVCisok), and functional and morphological muscle quality were assessed before and 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after EIMD. The consumption of jaboticaba berry polyphenols may alleviate the symptoms of muscle damage in resistance-trained participants.

A parallel randomized trial in resistance-trained subjects examined lower limb EIMD: over 7 days, 24 trained participants were randomly assigned to consume 250 mL of JBT (containing approximately 1,060 mg of total polyphenols) or 250 mL of a fruit-flavored placebo drink.

Evidence strength: Multiple small RCTs (n=24 each) with consistent outcomes suggesting accelerated glutathione recovery and reduced EIMD markers. Findings are promising but limited by small sample sizes, single populations (resistance-trained individuals), and short intervention durations.

4.6 Anticancer and Antimutagenic Activity

Freeze-dried jaboticaba peel (FDJP) showed a high antioxidant capacity in vitro and was found to be mostly a source of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. In an animal bioassay, FDJP added at 5% in the diet during 114 days completely abolished the formation of adenocarcinoma, which had an incidence of 75% in the non-treated group. Animals consuming FDJP showed low histological damage regarding inflammatory infiltrate, edema, and crypt distortion. FDJP significantly reduced the colonic levels of proinflammatory markers interleukin-1beta and cyclooxygenase-2, and demonstrated a probability to decrease expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa B. In summary, FDJP mitigated colorectal cancer (CRC) possibly by avoiding triggering inflammation, a benefit that may come from its rich content in anthocyanins and phenolic acids.

Evidence strength: Limited to in vitro and animal (rodent) studies. No human clinical trials evaluating jaboticaba as a chemopreventive agent have been published. These findings should not be extrapolated to clinical use.

4.7 Gut Microbiome and the Gut–Liver–Brain Axis

In a mouse model, HF mice were supplemented with JPSP for four weeks at 5%, 10%, and 15%; in addition to attenuating weight gain, JPSP consumption improved dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. A more recent preclinical study investigated the gut–liver–brain axis: dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is widely used to induce intestinal injury, reducing intestinal barrier integrity and contributing to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. The intake of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins from fruits such as jabuticaba has gained attention due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the effects of jabuticaba in the form of freeze-dried whole fruit, freeze-dried peel, and microencapsulated peel extract on DSS-induced damage to the gut–liver–brain axis in an in ovo model.

Evidence strength: Preclinical only. No human clinical trials specifically targeting gut microbiome outcomes with jaboticaba supplementation have been published.

4.8 Hepatoprotective Effects

Hepatoprotective effects are among the health effects associated with jaboticaba polyphenols identified in research reviews. Animal studies have demonstrated that dietary supplementation with freeze-dried jaboticaba peel powder in high-fat-fed mice reduced hepatic levels of IL-1β and IL-6, as well as phosphorylated IκB-α. The preclinical evidence for protection against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is consistent but unconfirmed in humans.

Evidence strength: Preclinical only. No clinical trials specifically addressing jaboticaba as a hepatoprotective agent in humans have been identified in the peer-reviewed literature.

4.9 Renal Health (Chronic Kidney Disease)

Since systemic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), these findings suggest that jaboticaba may hold therapeutic potential in this context. The clinical investigation by Lima et al. (2025) in hemodialysis patients (n=27 patients on regular HD, receiving 3.3 g/day equivalent to approximately 667 mg phenolic compounds for 3 weeks) represents the current frontier of human clinical research in this area. The study was a pilot and complemented by in vitro renal cell model data. In vitro assays and transcriptomic analyses were conducted to explore potential cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects.

Evidence strength: Single small pilot RCT (n=27, 3 weeks); results are hypothesis-generating. Replication in larger and longer trials is necessary.

4.10 Dermocosmetic and Photoprotective Potential

There is emerging interest in jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) peel extracts for application in multifunctional dermocosmetic formulations, particularly as natural antioxidants and photoprotective agents. The most frequent compounds reported for dermocosmetic relevance were anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin-3-glucoside), quercetin-derived flavonoids (rutin and myricetin), and phenolic acids (ellagic, gallic, and ferulic acids), which exhibit synergistic effects with conventional UV filters.

Evidence strength: In vitro and systematic review level only; no completed human clinical trials on skin health outcomes have been published.

5. Body Systems and Health Areas Associated with Jaboticaba

Metabolic/Endocrine: Glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, GLP-1 secretion, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome
Cardiovascular: Vascular endothelial function, blood pressure, hypolipidemic effects
Musculoskeletal: Exercise-induced muscle damage recovery, oxidative stress attenuation post-exercise
Gastrointestinal: Traditional use for diarrhea; preclinical evidence for gut microbiome modulation and intestinal barrier protection
Renal: Preliminary clinical evidence for reduction of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in hemodialysis patients
Hepatic: Preclinical hepatoprotective and anti-steatotic activity
Oncology (preclinical only): Colorectal cancer prevention in animal models via NF-κB and cytokine pathways
Respiratory (traditional): Folk use for asthma, hemoptysis, and tonsillitis
Dermatological (in vitro): Antioxidant and UV-protective potential of peel extracts

6. Dosage Forms and Reported Study Dosages

The following dosages are reported directly from peer-reviewed clinical studies and should not be construed as recommendations:

Jaboticaba berry juice, 250 mL/day containing approximately 1,300 mg total polyphenols for 7 days: Used in a randomised, placebo-controlled trial of 24 trained participants evaluating exercise-induced muscle damage recovery.
Jaboticaba berry juice, 250 mL/day containing approximately 1,300 mg total polyphenols for 6 days: Used in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel trial of 24 healthy participants assessing vascular function following eccentric exercise.
Jaboticaba peel powder, 15 g/day for 5 weeks: Used in a study of 49 volunteers with obesity and metabolic syndrome, demonstrating improvements in inflammation and blood sugar levels.
Jaboticaba peel formulation, 3.3 g/day (equivalent to approximately 667 mg phenolic compounds) for 3 weeks: Used in a randomized, controlled pilot clinical trial of 27 hemodialysis patients with CKD.
Jaboticaba peel powder, 7 g/day providing 225 mg total polyphenols (including 78 mg cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and 50 mg ellagic acid) over a 4-week crossover with 28-day washout: Tested in 19 healthy adults in a randomized, controlled, crossover intervention.
Jaboticaba juice, 250 mL consumed acutely before a carbohydrate meal: Used in a randomized crossover study of 16 healthy subjects assessing postprandial GLP-1 and antioxidant status.

The scientific literature still lacks studies on the metabolism and bioavailability of polyphenols from jaboticaba in humans, as well as the effect of technological processes on these issues. Consequently, no universally agreed therapeutic dose has been established.

7. Safety Considerations and Interactions

Formal, systematic toxicological and drug-interaction studies on jaboticaba in humans are scarce in the published peer-reviewed literature. The following observations are drawn from source-backed findings:

High tannin content of peel: The skin or peel of the jaboticaba berry is usually thrown away because of its astringency, due to an abundance of mouth-puckering tannins. The high tannin and polyphenol content could theoretically interfere with iron absorption, a recognized property of dietary tannins, though this has not been specifically quantified for jaboticaba in human studies.
Rapid post-harvest fermentation: The fruit spoils easily, leading to rapid changes in appearance arising from loss of water, physiological and microbiological deterioration, and pulp fermentation. Fermented or improperly stored fruit may carry microbiological risks unrelated to the polyphenol profile.
No serious adverse events in reported clinical trials: The clinical trials reviewed (hemodialysis patients at 3.3 g/day for 3 weeks; MetS patients at 15 g/day for 5 weeks; healthy adults at 7 g/day for 4 weeks; athletes at 250 mL juice/day for 7 days) did not report significant adverse events in their published results.
Peel astringency and gastrointestinal tolerability: The tannin-rich peel has been noted for its strong astringency. High intake of polyphenol-rich materials can cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort in sensitive individuals, though this has not been quantified specifically for jaboticaba supplementation in peer-reviewed safety analyses.
Pharmacokinetic metabolism — urolithin production: Jaboticaba polyphenols, mainly anthocyanins and ellagitannins, are extensively metabolized, with ellagitannins converted by gut microbiota to urolithins. Individual variation in urolithin-producing gut microbiota composition may significantly affect the bioavailability and efficacy of jaboticaba ellagitannins, as is the case for other ellagitannin-rich foods.
Absence of data on drug interactions, pregnancy, and lactation: No peer-reviewed clinical studies on formal drug interactions, or safety in pregnancy and lactation, were identified in the sources reviewed.
Anthocyanin thermal degradation: The 120°C/1 min thermal treatment reduced cyanidin-3-O-glucoside content by 58%, highlighting the susceptibility of anthocyanins to intense heat. Processing conditions used in supplement manufacturing can substantially alter the bioactive polyphenol content of commercial preparations.

8. Research Gaps and Overall Evidence Assessment

Further research is warranted to integrate current findings from in vitro, animal, and human clinical studies into comprehensive strategies for promoting health, preventing disease, and facilitating treatment. Non-clinical studies have shown the potential of jaboticaba to alleviate insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, and obesity-related cognitive decline, although clinical evidence remains limited.

Key gaps in the evidence base include: the absence of large, multi-centre randomised controlled trials; limited dose-finding and dose-response studies in humans; lack of studies in populations outside Brazil; no long-term (>12 weeks) human intervention data; no formal pharmacokinetic studies characterising the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of jaboticaba polyphenols in humans; and no systematic evaluation of drug–herb interactions or safety in special populations.

References

Health Conditions

Health conditions that Jaboticaba may help support.

No conditions available.

Body Systems

Body systems that Jaboticaba may help support.

No body systems available.