Keratin
Synopsis
Keratin is a fibrous structural protein found in the epithelial cells of various tissues, including the skin, hair, nails, and external layer of the skin (epidermis). It is the key component responsible for the strength, resilience, and protection of these tissues, providing them with durability and resistance to mechanical stress, abrasions, and chemical damage. Keratin is produced by specialized cells called keratinocytes and is essential for maintaining skin integrity and protecting cells from environmental damage.
There are two main types of keratin:
- Alpha-keratin: Found in hair, skin, and nails, providing flexibility and durability.
- Beta-keratin: Found in feathers, beaks, and scales of birds and reptiles, offering rigidity and protection.
Keratin’s role extends beyond the skin’s surface. It helps in the structural integrity of the hair shaft, nail structure, and epidermis, and provides a barrier against moisture loss. It is essential for maintaining skin elasticity, preventing premature aging, and supporting hair health.
In skincare and haircare products, keratin treatments are widely used to smooth, hydrate, and strengthen hair, particularly for those with frizzy, damaged, or chemically treated hair. Topical keratin applications, such as in shampoos, conditioners, and serums, help restore the protein structure in the hair and skin.
Historical Use
Keratin has been recognized since ancient times for its role in hair and skin health, although its specific biochemical structure was only discovered in the 19th century. In traditional herbal medicine, keratin-rich substances like egg yolk, fish oils, and animal fats were used to promote stronger hair and nails, as these were considered signs of vitality and health.
In Western medicine, keratin treatments began to gain popularity in the 20th century, particularly with the rise of cosmetic dermatology and hair care industries. The keratin smoothing treatments for hair, which were first introduced in the early 2000s, became popular for their ability to reduce frizz, improve hair texture, and restore strength and shine to hair exposed to chemical treatments like perms, relaxers, and dyes.
Today, keratin is a cornerstone ingredient in both cosmetic and therapeutic haircare and skincare products, with a focus on protein rebuilding, moisturizing, and protecting skin and hair from daily environmental stressors, while also promoting cell regeneration in damaged tissues.
Body Systems
Structural System (Science)
Hair (Science)
Nails (Science)
Skin (Science)