Myrrh (Commiphora myrrha)
Synopsis
Myrrh is a resin obtained from the small thorny trees of the Commiphora species, native to northeastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. When the tree's bark is wounded, it exudes a thick, fragrant, reddish-brown sap that hardens into tear-shaped granules—myrrh resin. Aromatic and bitter, myrrh has been used for thousands of years in incense, perfumes, religious rituals, embalming, and especially as a medicinal remedy.
Medicinally, myrrh is prized for its antimicrobial, astringent, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. It contains a complex mixture of volatile oils (primarily sesquiterpenes), resins (commiphoric acids), and gums. These constituents give it broad-spectrum activity, particularly against bacteria, fungi, and inflammation, making it valuable for wound care, infections, and oral health.
Myrrh is commonly used in mouthwashes, gargles, and tooth powders to treat gingivitis, mouth ulcers, sore throats, and bad breath. It promotes the healing of mucous membranes and is especially helpful in treating inflamed or infected gums. Internally, tinctures and capsules have been used for digestive complaints, including indigestion, ulcers, and irregular menstruation, due to its tonifying and circulatory effects on the pelvic region.
Topically, myrrh has been used to treat wounds, boils, and skin ulcers. It helps reduce swelling and fights infection, often included in salves or poultices. In modern herbalism, myrrh is sometimes used to support immune function, respiratory health, and gynecological conditions, though its strong bitter nature means it’s typically used in small doses.
Historical Use
Myrrh has one of the richest historical records of any botanical, with a sacred and medicinal legacy dating back over 4,000 years. In Ancient Egypt, it was a key ingredient in embalming fluids and sacred incense (kyphi), as well as in perfumes and ointments. It was used in mummification not only for its aromatic qualities but also for its preservative and antibacterial properties.
In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), myrrh is known as mo yao, used to invigorate the blood, reduce pain and swelling, and promote wound healing. It is often prescribed alongside frankincense (ru xiang), another resin, for trauma, arthritis, and menstrual pain.
In Ayurveda, myrrh is considered purifying, tonifying, and stimulating to blood flow. Known as bol, it is used for female reproductive health, oral conditions, and skin diseases. It is also included in some rasayana (rejuvenative) formulas to support longevity and vitality.
Myrrh played an important role in biblical and Greco-Roman medicine as well. It was one of the three gifts brought by the Magi to the infant Jesus and was commonly burned as incense in temples. Hippocrates, Dioscorides, and Galen recommended it for a variety of ailments, from coughs and colds to wounds and infections. Pliny the Elder listed it as a universal healing agent.
Across the Islamic Golden Age, it remained a staple in the pharmacopoeia, used by Persian and Arab physicians to treat digestive disorders, respiratory issues, and skin problems. Trade routes between the Arabian Peninsula and Mediterranean ensured its prominence in both medical and ceremonial contexts.
Today, myrrh continues to be a valuable herbal remedy, supported by modern research into its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and potential anticancer properties.
Body Systems
Digestive System (Traditional)
Gums (Traditional)
Immune System (Traditional)
Mucus Membranes (Traditional)
Skin (Traditional)