Pterocarpus marsupium
Synopsis
Pterocarpus marsupium, commonly known as Indian kino tree, Malabar kino, or Vijayasar, is a deciduous tree native to India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. It belongs to the Fabaceae family and has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries, particularly for its powerful anti-diabetic, astringent, and anti-inflammatory properties. The medicinal parts of the tree include the heartwood, bark, and gum-resin, all of which are rich in flavonoids, tannins, and polyphenols, including a notable compound called epicatechin.
Pterocarpus marsupium is best known for its role in blood sugar regulation. It has been shown in studies to help regenerate pancreatic beta cells, enhance insulin secretion, and improve glucose tolerance, making it one of the few botanicals with potential pancreatic restorative effects. In addition, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions contribute to vascular protection, lipid regulation, and overall metabolic balance, making it helpful in addressing metabolic syndrome.
The heartwood is often used in powdered form or soaked in water overnight in wooden tumblers, which are then drunk as a natural blood sugar support tonic. It is also used in formulations for weight management, liver support, and wound healing, due to its tissue-protective effects.
Historical Use in Medicine:
In Ayurveda, Pterocarpus marsupium has been classified as a Rasayana herb—used to rejuvenate and restore balance in the body. It has been traditionally used to treat Madhumeha (diabetes), obesity, diarrhea, eczema, and menstrual disorders. Ayurvedic texts like the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita document its use in lowering excess Kapha and balancing blood sugar.
The heartwood was historically fashioned into special wooden tumblers, which were filled with water and left overnight. Drinking this water in the morning was believed to stabilize blood glucose levels. The tree's gum-resin, known as "kino," was used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and skin wounds, due to its astringent and antimicrobial properties.
In Siddha and Unani medicine, Pterocarpus was used for similar purposes, especially for its cooling, blood-purifying, and astringent effects.
Modern scientific studies have validated many of these uses, especially the antidiabetic effects, by demonstrating the presence of bioactive compounds that protect pancreatic cells, reduce oxidative stress, and improve lipid metabolism. Today, it is included in many herbal formulations aimed at glucose regulation, metabolic health, and inflammation reduction, continuing its long-standing legacy as a key herb for endocrine and metabolic wellness.
Body Systems
Digestive System (Science)
Liver (Science)
Mitochondria (Science)
Pancreas Head (Science)
Pancreatic Tail (Science)