Wood betony (Stachys officinalis)
Synopsis
Wood betony (Stachys officinalis, formerly Betonica officinalis) is a perennial herb native to Europe and parts of western Asia. Belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae), it has been cherished for centuries for its broad therapeutic properties—particularly as a nervine tonic, mild sedative, digestive aid, and headache remedy. The aerial parts of the plant, especially the leaves and flowers, are used medicinally and contain compounds such as tannins, iridoid glycosides, diterpenes, and flavonoids that contribute to its soothing and toning effects.
Traditionally, wood betony is used to calm the nervous system, ease anxiety, tension headaches, and neuralgia, and support digestion, especially in cases where stress affects the gut. It has a mild bitter and astringent profile, making it useful for relaxing stomach spasms and improving appetite. It also shows mild anti-inflammatory and circulatory benefits, which contribute to its role in managing chronic tension and headaches.
In modern herbal practice, wood betony is classified as a nervine and restorative herb, often included in blends for stress, mental fog, tension-type headaches, and insomnia. Its gentle, non-sedating action makes it suitable for long-term use in people with anxious, overactive minds or chronic nervous exhaustion.
Historical Use:
Wood betony has one of the richest legacies in European herbalism. It was revered by the ancient Romans, particularly by Pliny the Elder, who claimed it could cure 47 different ailments. The Roman physician Antonius Musa, who served Emperor Augustus, wrote a treatise devoted entirely to betony's healing powers. It was planted widely in monasteries, gardens, and even churchyards for its protective, spiritual, and physical virtues.
In Anglo-Saxon England, wood betony was considered a cure-all. The Leechbook of Bald, a 10th-century medical text, includes betony in multiple remedies for wounds, poisonings, and "elf-sickness"—an old term for depression or mental disturbance. Medieval herbalists such as Nicholas Culpeper also sang its praises, attributing to it the power to protect against evil spirits, nightmares, and “head melancholy.”
Wood betony was traditionally used as a remedy for head and nervous system complaints—including migraines, facial neuralgia, dizziness, and forgetfulness. It was also brewed into teas for sore throat, coughs, diarrhea, and uterine cramps. Folk medicine often regarded it as a spiritual protector as well, worn in amulets or used in incense to ward off negativity.
Body Systems
Circulatory System (Traditional)
Digestive System (Traditional)
Liver (Traditional)
Nerves (Traditional)
Pineal Gland (Traditional)