Barleria, particularly Barleria prionitis, has a history of traditional use in various systems of medicine such as Ayurveda and traditional folk medicine across South Asia. It has been applied topically in the form of poultices or pastes on abscesses, boils, and other skin infections, primarily for its reputed anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties. Ethnobotanical records note its use for promoting the maturation and drainage of abscesses, likely owing to its content of phytochemicals such as iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds that are believed to have antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory effects.

However, scientific validation specifically for the use of Barleria in treating abscesses is limited. While some in vitro studies have demonstrated antimicrobial activity of Barleria extracts against certain bacteria, there are no robust clinical trials or high-quality studies that confirm its effectiveness in treating abscesses in humans. Most of the available evidence comes from traditional knowledge and anecdotal reports rather than systematic scientific investigation. Thus, while the use of Barleria for abscesses is supported by tradition, the scientific evidence base is weak, warranting a low evidence rating.