Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs), such as glycolic acid and lactic acid, are widely used in dermatology for the treatment and management of acne. Their primary mechanism involves exfoliation: AHAs break down the bonds between dead skin cells, promoting their shedding and preventing the clogging of pores, which is a key factor in acne formation. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that AHAs can improve both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions. For example, randomized controlled trials have found that glycolic acid peels reduce lesion counts and improve skin texture in patients with mild to moderate acne.

Additionally, AHAs have been shown to enhance skin hydration and stimulate collagen production, which can help improve the appearance of post-acne hyperpigmentation and mild scarring. In comparative studies, AHAs have been effective as adjunctive treatments alongside other acne therapies, such as topical retinoids and benzoyl peroxide.

The evidence base is robust for superficial acne and acne-related skin changes, though AHAs are less effective for severe, cystic acne. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recognizes AHAs as safe and effective for over-the-counter use in skin care, including acne management. Adverse effects are generally mild and include temporary irritation, redness, and increased sun sensitivity.