Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenol found in green tea and has been studied for its potential benefits in managing acne. Scientific evidence suggests that EGCG may help reduce acne severity through several mechanisms. Firstly, EGCG exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, which can reduce the redness and swelling associated with acne lesions. Secondly, it has been shown to inhibit the growth of Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes), the bacteria implicated in acne pathogenesis. Thirdly, EGCG has been found to modulate sebum production by decreasing androgen activity in sebaceous glands, which can help lessen the oily skin commonly linked to acne outbreaks.

Several in vitro and small clinical studies have supported these mechanisms. For instance, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) published in 2016 found that topical application of a 2% EGCG lotion significantly reduced acne lesions compared to placebo. Other small-scale studies and laboratory experiments have corroborated these findings, though most have been preliminary or used limited sample sizes. The evidence, while promising, is not yet robust enough to warrant a high confidence rating, as large-scale, high-quality RCTs are still lacking. Nevertheless, the mechanistic and early clinical data provide moderate scientific support for the use of EGCG in acne management.