Peptides have been investigated for their potential benefits in acne management, but the evidence remains preliminary. Peptides are short chains of amino acids that can have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and skin-repairing properties. Some specific peptides, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) like LL-37 and melittin, have demonstrated the ability to inhibit the growth of Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes), the bacteria associated with acne. Additionally, certain peptides may modulate inflammatory processes, which are central to acne pathogenesis.

However, most studies to date are in vitro (test tube) or involve animal models. Few well-designed clinical trials have evaluated topical peptide products in human acne sufferers. Available studies are often small and of limited duration, though some show modest improvements in lesion counts and skin appearance. Peptide-based cosmeceuticals may also help support skin barrier repair and reduce post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, indirectly benefiting acne-prone skin.

In summary, while there is plausible scientific rationale and some early evidence supporting the use of peptides in acne treatment, robust clinical validation is lacking. The current evidence base rates as weak to moderate (2/5), and peptides are not considered first-line or standalone acne therapies. More high-quality human studies are needed to better define their role in acne management.