The use of probiotics for acne is primarily supported by emerging scientific evidence, though the overall quality and quantity of studies remain modest. Research suggests that probiotics may help improve acne through several mechanisms: modulation of the gut microbiome, reduction of systemic inflammation, and inhibition of skin pathogens such as Cutibacterium acnes. Some clinical trials and small-scale studies have reported improvement in acne severity with the use of oral or topical probiotics, particularly strains from the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera.

A 2021 review in the International Journal of Dermatology concluded that probiotics show promise as adjunctive therapy for acne but highlighted heterogeneity in study designs, probiotic strains, and endpoints. The evidence base is limited by small sample sizes and short study durations. Guidelines from dermatology organizations do not currently endorse probiotics as a first-line or standalone treatment for acne due to insufficient high-quality evidence, but they acknowledge the potential for benefit and the need for further research.

In summary, while there is a scientific rationale and some preliminary data supporting the use of probiotics for acne, the evidence is not yet robust. Probiotics are not part of standard acne treatment, but they are being investigated as a possible adjunct, especially for patients interested in approaches that support skin and gut health.