Vitamin E (specifically, alpha-tocopherol) has been investigated for its potential role in supporting or treating acne, although the evidence is limited and not robust. Vitamin E is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that helps protect skin cells from oxidative stress and inflammation, processes implicated in acne pathogenesis. It is present in the sebum and helps maintain skin barrier function. Some small studies and case reports have suggested that individuals with acne may have lower levels of vitamin E in their serum, and supplementation can increase antioxidant capacity in the skin.

However, clinical trials directly evaluating oral or topical vitamin E for the treatment of acne are few and have yielded inconsistent results. Most studies assess its use in combination with other antioxidants (like vitamin C) or zinc, making it difficult to isolate the effect of vitamin E alone. Systematic reviews generally conclude that while vitamin E may have a supportive antioxidant role, there is insufficient evidence to recommend it as a primary or standalone treatment for acne. It is sometimes used in formulations aimed at reducing post-acne scarring or hyperpigmentation, but again, direct evidence is lacking.

In summary, the scientific rationale for using vitamin E in acne is based on its antioxidant properties and limited observational data, but strong clinical evidence is lacking. Its use is not based on longstanding traditional practice for acne, but rather on modern hypotheses regarding oxidative stress in acne pathogenesis.