Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)—leucine, isoleucine, and valine—have been studied as nutritional supplements in patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), primarily to address muscle wasting and protein-energy malnutrition, which are common complications in advanced HIV/AIDS. The rationale stems from BCAAs’ role in stimulating muscle protein synthesis and providing energy during catabolic states. Several small clinical trials and observational studies have assessed the impact of BCAA supplementation on nutritional status, muscle mass, and overall quality of life in HIV/AIDS patients. Some results suggest modest improvements in nitrogen balance and lean body mass, but the evidence is inconsistent and often limited by small sample sizes and methodological issues.

A 2005 Cochrane review and subsequent meta-analyses have concluded that while BCAA supplementation is generally safe, there is insufficient high-quality evidence to recommend its routine use for treating malnutrition or muscle wasting in AIDS patients. Most guidelines do not specifically endorse BCAAs for this purpose but do recognize the importance of adequate protein and caloric intake overall. In summary, while the use of BCAAs in AIDS is grounded in scientific rationale and has been investigated clinically, the quality and consistency of evidence supporting significant clinical benefit is limited, resulting in a modest evidence rating.

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