Evidence supporting the use of: Cytokines
For the health condition: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 3

Cytokines, including interferons and interleukins, have been investigated and sometimes used as adjunctive therapies in the management of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Scientific interest in cytokines arose from their fundamental role as signaling proteins in immune system modulation. For example, Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Interferon-alpha have been studied in clinical trials to boost immune responses in HIV-infected patients. Some studies suggested that IL-2 might increase CD4+ T-cell counts, a key target in HIV-induced immunodeficiency. However, large trials such as the ESPRIT and SILCAAT studies ultimately failed to show clear clinical benefits in terms of disease progression or survival, despite increases in CD4 counts.

Interferons have also been explored, primarily for their antiviral effects, but their clinical utility is limited by toxicity and inconsistent benefit. Cytokine therapy is not a mainstay treatment for AIDS, especially with the advent and effectiveness of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART). Thus, while there is scientific rationale and some clinical trial data supporting the use of cytokines, overall efficacy is modest and use is limited. Their role is now mostly confined to experimental or highly specific clinical situations rather than routine care. The evidence base is moderate, reflecting well-conducted clinical trials that yielded mixed or negative outcomes for major clinical endpoints.

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