Vitamin E, encompassing both tocopherols and tocotrienols, is an antioxidant nutrient that has been widely studied for its potential role in preventing or slowing the aging process, particularly by protecting cells from oxidative stress. The scientific rationale is that oxidative damage to cellular structures contributes to aging and age-related diseases, and Vitamin E can neutralize free radicals that cause such damage.

Multiple observational studies have found associations between higher Vitamin E intake or blood levels and various markers of healthy aging, such as reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. However, large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Vitamin E supplementation in generally healthy older adults have yielded mixed or mostly negative results. The Women's Health Study and the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation trial, for example, found no significant reduction in major age-related disease endpoints or all-cause mortality with Vitamin E supplementation.

There is a growing interest in tocotrienols (less common forms of Vitamin E) for their potentially superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but human data are limited. Overall, while the theoretical antioxidant benefits of Vitamin E are well-established, clinical evidence for its ability to prevent aging or extend lifespan in humans is not strong. Most health authorities do not recommend routine Vitamin E supplementation solely for anti-aging purposes.