Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Beta-caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene found in many essential oils, such as those from black pepper, cloves, and cannabis. Recent preclinical studies suggest that BCP may have a role in reducing alcohol consumption and mitigating alcohol dependence. Its primary mechanism of action is as a selective agonist of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), which is involved in the regulation of neuroinflammation and reward pathways associated with addiction.

Animal studies have demonstrated that BCP administration can decrease voluntary alcohol intake, reduce alcohol-seeking behavior, and attenuate relapse in rodent models of alcoholism. For example, a 2014 study published in the journal Addiction Biology showed that BCP reduced ethanol self-administration and relapse-like drinking behaviors in mice, likely through CB2 receptor activation. Other research has indicated that BCP may modulate neurotransmitter systems involved in addiction, such as the dopaminergic and glutamatergic pathways.

However, evidence in humans is currently lacking; all available data are from preclinical (animal) models. There are no well-designed clinical trials to confirm efficacy or safety in people with alcohol use disorder. Thus, while there is promising scientific rationale and robust animal data, clinical application awaits human studies. The current evidence supports cautious optimism, but further research is needed before BCP can be recommended for alcoholism in clinical practice.

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