Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Purple butterbur root (Petasites hybridus) has a well-documented history of use for respiratory allergies, including allergic rhinitis (hay fever). Scientific studies support its efficacy, primarily due to its active constituents, petasin and isopetasin, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and antihistamine-like effects. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have shown that standardized butterbur extracts (such as Ze 339) are as effective as some antihistamine medications (e.g., cetirizine and fexofenadine) in reducing symptoms like nasal congestion, sneezing, and itchy eyes, but with fewer sedative side effects.

A 2002 study published in BMJ found butterbur extract to be equally effective as cetirizine for hay fever, while another review in Phytotherapy Research (2007) concluded that butterbur extracts significantly improve nasal symptoms. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and German Commission E also recognize butterbur for its benefits in allergic rhinitis. Notably, only PA-free (pyrrolizidine alkaloid-free) extracts should be used, as naturally occurring PAs are hepatotoxic.

In summary, the use of purple butterbur root for respiratory allergies is supported by moderate-to-strong clinical evidence, particularly when standardized and PA-free extracts are used. However, individuals should consult healthcare providers before use, due to potential drug interactions and the importance of avoiding hepatotoxic contaminants.

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