Amyloban is a proprietary extract derived from the Lion's Mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus), standardized for specific compounds known as amyloban and hericenones. The use of Lion's Mane for cognitive support has some basis in traditional East Asian medicine, but the specific use of Amyloban for Alzheimer's disease is justified primarily by emerging scientific research rather than tradition.

Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that extracts from Hericium erinaceus can promote nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis and support neuronal health in vitro and in animal models. There are a few small-scale human clinical studies and case reports suggesting potential cognitive benefits in patients with mild cognitive impairment or early Alzheimer's disease. For example, a pilot study published in 2009 found that Lion's Mane supplementation led to modest improvements in cognitive function in older adults, though the extract used was not specifically Amyloban.

Specific research on Amyloban 3399 (a branded form) is limited but includes small open-label and pilot studies suggesting possible improvement in cognitive symptoms in Alzheimer's patients. However, these studies have significant methodological limitations (small sample size, lack of blinding, short duration) and have not been widely replicated. There is currently insufficient high-quality, large-scale clinical evidence to strongly support the use of Amyloban as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease, but preliminary findings warrant further investigation.