Basidiomycota, a large phylum of fungi that includes mushrooms such as Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane), Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), and others, has gained scientific attention for its potential neuroprotective effects relevant to Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The primary interest focuses on certain species like Lion’s Mane, which contains compounds such as hericenones and erinacines. Preclinical studies (in vitro and animal models) have demonstrated that these compounds can stimulate nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesis and promote neuronal survival and differentiation, mechanisms potentially beneficial in AD. Some small human trials and pilot studies have reported modest cognitive benefits among elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment, such as improved scores on cognitive assessments after supplementation with H. erinaceus extracts.

However, the overall evidence is rated as low (2/5) since most studies are preclinical or involve small sample sizes and short durations, and there is a lack of large, high-quality randomized controlled trials specifically targeting Alzheimer's Disease endpoints. Other Basidiomycota like Reishi have shown antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but direct evidence for efficacy in AD is even more limited. In summary, while there is promising preclinical and initial clinical data, robust scientific validation is lacking, and further research is needed to confirm efficacy and safety for Alzheimer's Disease treatment or support.