Crocin, a major carotenoid compound found in the saffron (Crocus sativus) stigma, has attracted scientific interest for its potential neuroprotective effects, including possible benefits in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Several preclinical studies (cellular and animal models) have demonstrated that crocin exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. These mechanisms may help counteract the oxidative stress and neuronal cell death associated with Alzheimer's pathology. Additionally, some studies suggest crocin can inhibit beta-amyloid plaque formation and reduce neurotoxicity, which are hallmarks of AD progression.

There are limited clinical studies in humans. A small number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving saffron extracts (which contain crocin) have shown mild cognitive improvement in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's Disease, with efficacy comparable to donepezil (a standard AD medication) over short-term periods (16-22 weeks). However, these studies are preliminary, involve small sample sizes, and often use whole saffron rather than isolated crocin, making it difficult to attribute effects solely to crocin.

In summary, while there is a scientific basis and some preclinical and limited clinical evidence supporting crocin's use in Alzheimer's Disease, the quality and quantity of human data are insufficient for definitive conclusions. More robust, large-scale clinical trials are required to establish efficacy and safety in AD patients.