Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Selenium is a trace mineral with antioxidant properties, and its potential role in supporting or treating Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is primarily justified by emerging scientific evidence, though the quality and quantity of supporting data are limited. Research has shown that oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of AD, and as a component of selenoproteins (such as glutathione peroxidases), selenium helps protect neurons from oxidative damage. Some observational studies have found that patients with AD tend to have lower selenium levels in blood and brain tissue compared to healthy controls. Additionally, preclinical studies in animal models suggest that selenium supplementation may help reduce amyloid-beta accumulation and improve cognitive function. However, clinical trial data in humans are sparse and inconclusive. A few small randomized controlled trials and pilot studies have tested selenium supplementation—sometimes in combination with other antioxidants or nutrients—with only modest and inconsistent benefits reported for cognitive outcomes. No large-scale, high-quality trials have yet demonstrated a clear therapeutic effect of selenium for AD prevention or treatment. Furthermore, excessive selenium intake can be toxic. Overall, while the biological rationale for selenium’s involvement in AD is supported by basic science and some observational data, robust clinical evidence is lacking. Thus, selenium supplementation for Alzheimer's is an area of active research but cannot currently be recommended as a proven therapy.

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