Evidence supporting the use of: Vitamin B12 (mixed)
For the health condition: Alzheimer's Disease
Synopsis
Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) has a scientific basis for consideration in cognitive health, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), primarily because B12 deficiency can cause cognitive impairment and dementia-like symptoms. Several observational studies have found that low serum B12 levels are associated with poorer cognitive performance and an increased risk of dementia. Vitamin B12 is involved in the metabolism of homocysteine, an amino acid that, when elevated, is considered a risk factor for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's Disease. Supplementation with B12 can lower homocysteine levels, which has prompted research into whether B12 supplementation could help slow or prevent cognitive decline in AD.
However, most large, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses have not demonstrated a significant benefit of B12 supplementation on cognitive outcomes in individuals with normal B12 status or established Alzheimer's Disease. The strongest evidence for benefit is in people who are deficient in B12, where supplementation can improve cognitive symptoms. For those with normal B12 levels, supplementation does not appear to prevent or treat Alzheimer's Disease. Current clinical guidelines recommend assessing and correcting B12 deficiency in patients with cognitive impairment, but do not support routine supplementation for Alzheimer's prevention or treatment in the absence of deficiency.
In summary, there is scientific rationale for ensuring adequate B12 status in cognitive disorders, but evidence for benefit in AD beyond correction of deficiency is limited, supporting a modest evidence rating.
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