Synopsis

Source of validity: Traditional
Rating (out of 5): 2

Plantain, particularly Plantago major (commonly known as broadleaf plantain), has a long history of use in traditional medicine systems for wound healing, inflammation, and gastrointestinal issues. In the context of anal fistula and fissure, traditional use is based on plantain’s presumed abilities to promote tissue repair, reduce inflammation, and provide a mild astringent effect. Herbal medicine traditions in Europe, Asia, and Africa have used plantain poultices or decoctions topically or orally for various wounds, ulcers, and mucosal injuries, including anorectal lesions. The leaves contain bioactive compounds such as allantoin, aucubin, and flavonoids, which are thought to contribute to these effects.

However, scientific validation specific to anal fistula or fissure is limited. Laboratory studies and small clinical trials have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and antimicrobial effects of plantain extracts in general wound models and some gastrointestinal conditions. For example, plantain has shown efficacy in promoting healing in skin wounds and ulcers in animal models. Some Iranian and Ayurvedic sources recommend its use for hemorrhoids and fissures, but high-quality clinical trials in anal fissure or fistula are lacking. Overall, the use of plantain for this indication is primarily traditional, with anecdotal and historical support, but only limited scientific evidence directly related to anal fistula or fissure.

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