Cassia fistula, commonly known as the golden shower tree, is used in several traditional medicine systems, including Ayurveda and folk medicine, primarily for its laxative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Its use for anemia is primarily traditional and anecdotal. Traditional Ayurvedic texts sometimes mention Cassia fistula as a supportive herb in formulations intended to "improve blood" or address "blood disorders," which could be interpreted as conditions like anemia. However, these references are general, and the plant is not a core anti-anemia herb in major Ayurvedic texts.

There is very limited scientific evidence to support its use specifically for anemia. Some phytochemical analyses of Cassia fistula pods and pulp have identified the presence of iron and other micronutrients, but the concentrations are typically low and not well-quantified in the context of dietary requirements for anemia management. Additionally, there are very few clinical or preclinical studies evaluating its direct effect on hemoglobin or iron status. Thus, while its traditional use for anemia may be based on historical practices and anecdotal reports, there is currently insufficient scientific validation for its efficacy in treating or supporting anemia.

In summary, Cassia fistula is used traditionally for a wide range of ailments, and its use in anemia is rooted more in traditional systems than in scientific evidence.