Polygonatum (commonly known as Solomon's Seal) has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and other Asian medical systems. In TCM, Polygonatum species such as Polygonatum sibiricum and Polygonatum odoratum are considered tonic herbs, often prescribed to "nourish yin," "moisten dryness," and "tonify the spleen and lungs." While these properties are not directly equated with the biomedical definition of anemia, Polygonatum is sometimes included in herbal formulas intended to support blood health and vitality, which in TCM theory can relate to symptoms of anemia such as fatigue and pallor.

However, there is no substantial scientific evidence or clinical trial data to validate the direct effectiveness of Polygonatum in treating anemia as defined by modern medicine (i.e., low hemoglobin or red blood cell count). The use of Polygonatum for anemia is therefore based primarily on tradition and theoretical frameworks within TCM, not on rigorous pharmacological studies or randomized controlled trials. Some laboratory studies have explored the plant's polysaccharides and other constituents for potential health benefits, but these do not specifically address anemia or hematopoiesis in humans.

In summary, Polygonatum’s use for anemia is supported mainly by traditional usage patterns in Asian medicine, and the overall level of scientific evidence to support this application is weak (rated 1 out of 5).