Evidence supporting the use of: Sodium Nitrate
For the health condition: Angina

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Sodium nitrate and related inorganic nitrates have a scientific basis for use in the treatment of angina, although today, the more commonly used agents are organic nitrates such as nitroglycerin. The rationale for nitrate use in angina stems from their ability to act as nitric oxide (NO) donors. Nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator, and its increased bioavailability leads to the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. This results in the dilation of both veins and arteries, decreasing cardiac preload and afterload, and ultimately reducing myocardial oxygen demand—key goals in angina therapy.

The therapeutic effect of nitrates in angina was first documented in the 19th century, with nitroglycerin and amyl nitrite being the initial agents used. Sodium nitrate can also act as a source of NO, although it is less commonly prescribed for this purpose compared to organic nitrates. Several studies have demonstrated that inorganic nitrate supplementation can improve exercise tolerance and reduce symptoms in patients with stable angina, though most clinical guidelines still favor organic nitrates due to more predictable pharmacokinetics and a longer history of use.

In summary, the use of nitrates—including sodium nitrate—for angina is scientifically validated, primarily due to their role as NO donors and vasodilators. However, sodium nitrate itself is now rarely used because of the availability of more effective nitrate preparations with established safety profiles.

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