Evidence supporting the use of: Branched-chain amino acids
For the health condition: Anorexia

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Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 2

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)—leucine, isoleucine, and valine—are sometimes used as a nutritional intervention in the management of anorexia, particularly in clinical or hospital settings. The rationale is based on their role in protein synthesis, muscle preservation, and possible effects on neurotransmitter balance. Some studies have shown that BCAAs can help improve nitrogen balance and prevent muscle wasting in severely malnourished patients, including those with anorexia nervosa. However, the direct evidence supporting BCAAs as an effective standalone treatment for anorexia nervosa is limited and mixed.

Most expert guidelines for anorexia management emphasize comprehensive nutritional rehabilitation, psychological therapy, and medical monitoring. BCAAs may be used as a supplement within broader refeeding programs, especially in cases of severe protein-energy malnutrition or when there is substantial muscle catabolism. A few small clinical studies and case reports suggest potential benefits in improving nutritional status and reducing muscle loss, but large-scale randomized controlled trials are lacking. Furthermore, there is some concern that isolated BCAA supplementation could potentially worsen amino acid imbalances or psychiatric symptoms in vulnerable individuals.

In summary, while there is some scientific rationale for the use of BCAAs in the nutritional management of anorexia (especially to prevent muscle wasting), the overall evidence is weak (rated 2/5), and BCAAs should not be considered a primary or standalone treatment. They may play a supportive role as part of a comprehensive, medically supervised refeeding regimen.

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