Synopsis

Source of validity: Scientific
Rating (out of 5): 4

Bacteria, specifically in the form of probiotics, have been scientifically studied as alternatives and adjuncts to antibiotics. The growing concern over antibiotic resistance has fueled research into the use of beneficial bacteria to prevent or treat infections. Probiotics, such as strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, are used to restore or maintain healthy microbiota, particularly in the gut, where they can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria through competitive exclusion, production of antimicrobial substances, and modulation of the host immune system. Clinical trials have shown that probiotics can reduce the incidence and duration of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and some evidence supports their role in preventing certain infections, such as Clostridioides difficile infection and recurrent urinary tract infections. However, the efficacy is strain- and condition-specific, and while probiotics are not direct replacements for antibiotics in severe bacterial infections, they represent a scientifically validated complementary approach in specific contexts. The evidence base is robust for some indications (e.g., antibiotic-associated diarrhea), but more research is needed for broader applications. Major health organizations recognize the potential of probiotics but also emphasize the need for further high-quality studies to clarify optimal strains, doses, and indications.

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